ANLP/NAA CL 2000 Workshop 
Conversational Systems 
Organizing Committee 
Candy Sidner, James Allen, Harald Aust, Phil Cohen, Justine Cassell, Laila Dybkjaer, 
X.D. Huang, Masato Ishizaki, Candace Kamm, Lin-Shan Lee, Susann Luperfoy, 
Patti Price, Owen Rambow, Norbert Reithinger, Alex Rudnicky, Stephanie Seneff, 
Dave Stallard, David Traum, Marilyn Walker, Wayne. Ward 
May 4, 2000 
Seattle, Washington 
Published by the Association for Computational Linguistics 

NAA CL-ANLP 2000 Workshop 
Conversational Systems 
Organizing Committee 
Candy Sidner, James Allen, Harald Aust, Phil Cohen, Justine Cassell, Laila Dybkjaer, 
X.D. Huang, Masato Ishizaki, Candace Kamm, Lin-Shan Lee, Susann Luperfoy, 
Patti Price, Owen Rambow, Norbert Reithinger, Alex Rudnicky, Stephanie Seneff, 
Dave Stallard, David Traum, Marilyn Walker, Wayne Ward 
May 4, 2000 
Seattle, Washington 
© 2000, Association for Computational Linguistics 
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acl@aclweb.org 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
Lessons Learned in Building Spoken Language Collaborative Interface Agents ........................................ 1 
Candace L. Sidner, Carolyn Boettner, and Charles Rich 
GoDiS - An Accommodating Dialogue System ............................................................................................ 7 
Staffan Larsson, Peter Ljungl6f, Robin Cooper, Elisabet Engdahl, and Stina Ericsson 
Dialogue Management in the Mercury Flight Reservation System ........................................................... 11 
Stephanie Seneff and Joseph Polifroni 
NJFun: A Reinforcement Learning Spoken Dialogue System ................................................................... 17 
Diane Litman, Satinder Singh, Michael Kearns, and Marilyn Walker 
Natural Language Generation in the IBM Flight Information System ...................................................... 21 
Scott Axelrod 
Stochastic Language Generation for Spoken Dialogue Systems ............................................................... 27 
Alice H. Oh and Alexander I. Rudnicky 
TRIPS- 911 System Demonstration .......................................................................................................... 33 
James Allen, Donna Byron, Dave Costello, Myroslava Dzikovska, George Ferguson, Lucian 
Galescu, and Amanda Stent 
Epiphenomenal Grammar Acquisition with GSG, ..................................................................................... 36 
Marsal Gavald?t 
Task-based dialog management using an agenda ..................................................................................... 42 
Wei Xu and Alexander I. Rudnicky 
Using Dialogue Representations for Concept-to-Speech Generation ....................................................... 48 
Christine H. Nakatani and Jennifer Chu-Carroll 
A Compact Architecture for Dialogue Management Based on Scripts and Meta-Outputs ....................... 54 
Manny Rayner, Beth Ann Hockey, and Frankie James 
Building a Robust Dialogue System with Limited Data ............................................................................ 61 
Sharon J. Goldwater, Elizabeth Owen Bratt, Jean Mark Gawron, and John Dowding 

