Karl Dieter B~nting 
l. Intruductory remarks and abstract 
The contribution reports results from about four 
years of research about German word derivation. The 
aim of the project is twofold: to find out facts 
about word derivation, especially about the produc- 
tivity of "open" derivation patterns, and to test 
the utility of the computer as a tool in linguistic 
research of this type, the latter being planned as a 
demonstration for German traditionally minded philo- 
logists rather than for the international linguistic 
community with ample computational experience, l) 
In this paper, I will neither deal with formal as- 
pects (formalisation) of the grammar used nor with 
programming, but only with linguistic and data-orien- 
ted aspects in the following order: ±erminology and 
linguistic notions; source of data; homography and 
derivation by "zero-affix"; derivation by affixation; 
further research. 
1)The research was conducted at the Institut f~r Kom- 
munikationsforschung und Phonetik der Unlversit~t 
Bonn. It was initiated by SCHNELLE and since 1965 
supervised by UNGEHEUER. Programs and computational 
experience of the staff~ especially KRALLMANN~ were 
of incalculable value. The programs were run at 
the GroBdetenverarbeitungsanlage der Institute f~r 
Instrumentelle und f~r Angewandte Mathematik der 
Universit~t Bonn on IBM 7090/1410 machines. 
Progress reports of various stages of the research 
are to be found in SCHNELLE/KRANZHOFF (1955 a,b), 
SCHNELLE (1966), BUNTING (1966a,b), (1969). 
2 - 
2. Terminology and linguistic notions 
21 Code 
Data processing calls for explicit notation, therefore 
the investigation is based on written German. The gra- 
phemio representation of language is henceforth called 
2) n a t u r a 1 c o d e. The code employed here 
differs somewhat from normal German because the avai- 
lable computer code was to be used directly: only 
capital letters are allowed - thus the graphematic 
distinction between nouns and non-nouns in German is 
eliminated, which is of little importance in dictio- 
nary work, German "Umlaute" ~,~,0 appear ~ as AE, OE, 
UE respectively, and "B" is written SS. 
The explicit notation of grammatical statements about 
graphemic sequences, for example the classification 
of sequences as a noun or verb, is called the 
a r t i f i c i a 1 c o d e; it will he introduced 
in detail later. 
22 Status of definitions 
Two ways of defining language entities are employed. 
L a n g u a g e u n i t is used as term for in- 
tuitively won entities which are obviously present 
in at least the German language but cannot without 
elaborations and without severe restrictions be 
exactly defined. W o r d is the class of language 
units to be discussed. The word definition, which 
is often used for data processing purposes, stating 
that a word is "the sequence of graphemes between 
two blanks", rests solely upon graphematic properties 
2)This means, that phonological aspects are a priori 
excluded and the spelling conventions of contem- 
porary German as laid down in dictionaries are 
accepted as part of the investigated phenomenon, 
although these'conventlons certainly deserve some 
critical attention and revision. 
3 - 
of words, which is adequate enough for a practical 
purpose but not for linEuistics. It is the aim 
of the reported research to define some linguistic 
properties of German words. 
L i n g u i s t i c u n i t, on the other hand~ is 
the term for entities that are defined according to 
theoretical considerations about specific grammati- 
cal functions or something like a semantic meaning. 
M o r p h e m e and a f f i x, for instance, are 
classes of linguistic units. They are written for 
data processing as a graphemic sequence in natural 
code and a number of markers in artificial code deno- 
ting those specific functions which are substanti- 
ally represented by the graphemic sequence~ e.g.: 
FEIND receives the marker A denoting that it is a 
"kernelmorpheme" (stem) of a masculine nouns or TAG 
is marked A and I which is to say that it is the 
kernelmorpheme of a masculine noun and of a transi- 
tive verb. Markers are explained later in detail. 
2.3 Grapheme sequence and linguistic units: allostatus 
and homography 
The linguistic units are said to be determined by 
certain grammatical properties and their represen- 
tation by graphemic sequences (forms). 
If one set of properties is represented by more 
than one form, the forms are said to be a 1 1 o- 
f o r m s; they may be subclassified according to 
other properties and are then said to have a speci- 
fic a 1 1 o s t a t u s. 
Example: The verb-stem for the German equivalent of 
English "to find" is represented by the alloforms 
FIND - FAND - FAEND - FUND - FUEND; each of the allo- 
forms represents a certain allostatus governed 
-- 4 -- 
by inflexion. 
If, on the other hand, one form represents more than 
one set of properties, it is called a h o m o g r a h 
in respect to these properties. Otherwise it is called 
a h a p 1 o g r a p h. 
Example: FUND represents the participle form of a verb 
and the nominative singular form of a noun. 
Investigation of word-class homography was a major 
goal of the first stage of the project. 
2.4 Linguistic properties to be used for defining units 
a. wordability~: a graphemic sequence is said to be word- 
able if it either is identical with the sequence of a 
word or if it can form a word in combination with an 
inflexional ending. The latter are here taken for gran- 
ted (cf. BONTING, 1966 b). 
b. word-class status: word classes, as employed here, can 
be definsd distributionally by adding a class of in- 
flexional endings - including zero, if you wish, - to 
the "stem" of words; only the classes n o u n, 
v e r b, and a d j e c t i v e are treated. 
c. semantic meaning: graphemic sequences are said to 
either represent a semantic meaning or not. Nothing 
3) is assumed about the nature of the meaning. 
2,5 Definition of units 
Three types of units ate defined, under the overall 
term m o r p h e m e, as graphemic sequences repre- 
senting certain properties whose sequence of graphemes 
cannot be changed - except in cases' of alloforms - with- 
out disturbing the relation between form and set of 
properties. 
3)As defined here, semantic meaning does not include 
grammatical meaning like the inflexlonal status. 
- 5 - 
a. kernel morphemes (K): are wordahle, have a word- 
class status, and a semantic meaning 
b. affixes (A): are not wordable, have a word-class 
status, and a semantic meaning 
c. inflexional morphemes (FI): are not wordahle, have 
a word-class status and no semantic meaning 
2.6 Word-strucutre in terms of morpheme classes 
Words (language units) can be described as a 
sequence of morphemes (linguistic units). A first 
rough description will yield at least three types 
of words, here introduced in their traditional terms 
4) and with a formula in terms of morphemes. 
a. simple words: consisting of one and only one kernel 
and perhaps on or more inflexional morphemes 
K (+rl) 
b. derived words: consisting of one and only one kernel, 
at least one affix, and perhaps one oN more inflexi- 
onal morphemes 
K + A (+A) (+rl) 
c. compound words: consisting of at least two kernels, 
perhaps one or more affixes, end perhaps one or more 
inflexlonal endings 
K + K (+K) (+A) (+FI) 
Certain aspects of simple and of derived words were 
investigated. They will be discussed after the data 
are introduced. 
4) The "+" denotes combination but not sequence in 
surface structure; parentheses denote possible 
presence of one or more morphemes. 
3. Data 
Starting point was a still unpublished dictionary of 
German words analysed into morphemic segments and 
punched on cards by KANDLER at the Sprachwissenschaft- 
fiches Seminar der Universit~t Bonn. When I had access 
to the material~ it consisted of 117.370 uncorrected 
entries, most of which entailing morphemic segments 
of words and markers for categories like word-class~ 
gender, transitivity, dialect, sociolect, foreign 
origin etc 5) The entries and categories were copied 
from "Deutsches W6rterbuch" by MACKENSEN, edition 1955. 
From KANDLER's material a list of 2.111 kernels - stems 
of simple words from classes noun, verbs with inlexio- 
nal ending EN, and adjectives, - was prepared, mainly 
by automatic data processing 6). As to allostatus, only 
dictionary forms were available at that stage. There- 
fore various alloforms of the morphemes were added and 
marked according to their allostatus. The alloforms 
consist of what are usually called umlaut- or ablaut- 
variations. Included were "potential" umlautforms; 
they are kernels that do not appear in inflexion but 
have vowels that permit Umlaut and in derivation often 
actually do have it, like, for example, BROT (bread) 
- plural BROTE - derivation BROETCHEN. The resulting 
list had 3.613 entries~ marked as ~follows - 
5)Grammatical markers about gender and transitivity 
were copied but so far neither checked nor actually 
used. They appear in the artificial'code list but 
not in the data statistics. 
6)The entries were sorted down to about 4000 by com- 
puter with the help of the grammatical markers; then 
mistakes, peculiar entries, unmarked dialectical 
words etc. were eliminated by hand. Reasons are given 
in BONTING (1969). 
4. 
- 7 - 
List of linguistic categories marked in artificial code: 
A = masculine noun 
B = feminine noun 
C = neuter noun 
D = mixed gender noun 
E = adjective 
H = transitive verb 
I = intransitive verb 
J = reflexive verb 
K = mixed verb 
L = preterite form verb 
M = irregular, usually conjunctive form verb 
N = past participle form verb 
O = combination of L and N 
P = Umlaut plural nouns or comparison adjectives 
Q = potential Umlaut all word-classes 
Simple words: word-class homography and derivation by zemo- 
affix 
The list of 3.613 kernelswas by computer sorted to dis- 
cover word-class homography 7). Results are shown in 
table i. While being compared, homograph kernels were 
marked accordingly and deleted except for one grapheme 
sequence. The resulting list, which contained 2.759 ker- 
nels, was taken as basis for the study of derivations. 
Table i. The table shows, that somewhat less than half 
of the kernels are word-class homographs. All three co- 
vered word-classes have about the same homograph-haplo- 
graph ratio. Of course, only lexicalised homography can 
be stated here. In German sentences, every verb or ad- 
jective can syntactically be used as a noun 8)." 
7)Homography according to gender or transitivity etc. 
is marked in artificial code, D or K respectively; 
homography according to semantic meaning like in 
SCHLOSS ("palace" or "look for key") is not trea- 
ted. 
8)Cf. paragr. 6 for discussion of syntactic and semantic 
aspects of derivation. 
-- 8 -- 
5. 
Traditionally, what is here called word-class homogra- 
phy is called derivation or derivation by zero-afflx. 
I would suggest not to speak of derivation in a syn- 
chronic description, because no direction of the deri- 
vation can be concluded from the data. Only with histo- 
rical information is it possible to call TAGEN a ver- 
balisation from TAG (Old High German there was only a 
noun taga but no verb), and on the other hand to call 
LAUF a nominalisation from LAUFEN (Old High German 
verb liofan with pretaerite Ablautform louf, which ser- 
ved as basis for derivation) 9). 
So I propose to speak of word-class homography when 
lexicalised forms a~e concerned. The use of adjectives 
and verbs as nouns and of participles as adjectives in 
sentences ought to be treated in syntax as syntactical 
trans~Drmations and should be excluded from word-forma- 
tion. 
Derivation by affixation 
The morphological structure of derivated words was given 
in the formula K + A (+A) (eF1). To gain precision, some 
of the following questions have to be answered: which 
kernels appear together with which affixes, and are there 
reasonable classification2 What is the surface structure 
of the morphemes in words? What grammatical functions 
and - perhaps - semantic meanings are represented by the 
affixes? 
It was - and still is - our intention to collect as many 
data as possible, so that the derlvatlon formulas can be 
rendered more precise through induction from the data 
evidence• 
The first step was to consider surface structure and re- 
formulate the formula in terms of actually used prefixes 
9)Only where ahlautvariants are involved can a direction 
of derivation be safely concluded from synchronic data. 
- 9 - 
and suffixes. WEISGERBER (1958) proposed to use the 
Term A b 1 e i t u n g s t y p (derivative type or 
derivation pattern) for a kind of substitution frame 
where one or more affixes are the frame and kernels 
are to he inserted. For a beginning, seven derivation 
patterns were formulated. Reasons for choosing these 
particular types are not very sophisticated: we wan- 
ted to include nominalisation, verhalisation, and ad- 
jectivation as well as prefixation and suffixation 
just to try the usefulness of the computer as a word- 
producer. 
Into each frame, all 2.759 Kernels were inserted, 
which amounted to an output of 15.013 artificial 
"words". These were then checked a~ainst the KANDLER- 
MACKENSEN material for lexicalisation and marked as 
booked or not booked (a "Y" or "-" in artificial code 
in a certain column). The count of the results and 
the derivation patterns are shown in tabel 2. 
As an example, one page of output is copied in table 3. 
A more detailed analysis, which takes account of word- 
class information is given in table 4 . From the 
statistics of these tables and from a comparison of 
lexicalized and non-lexicalized forms, we hope to 
gain insight about derivation. To demonstrate how we 
plan to progress , the pattern / ...-UNG/ is discussed. 
5.2 Lexicalization 
The artificial forms printed in table 5 were also found 
in the dictionary: of these, 36,7 % contain haplograph 
verbal kernels, 49,5 % are homographs which can be in- 
terpreted as verbal, i0,9 % are haplograph noun kernels, 
and 3,5 % haplograph adjective kernels. Deverbalization 
seems to be the predominat function of the suffix UNG. 
Of the ii deadjectives, one is archaic (HARTUNG for 
- i0 - 
(february), one poetic (WIRRUNG from a novel by Fontane 
called "Irrungen, Wirrungen"), one a misclassified 
deverbative (HOEHLUNG from HOEHLEN), and the rest socio- 
lects spoken by hunters (ALTUNG, DICKUNG, SCHALUNG) 
craftsmen (DUENNUNG, HALBUNG, LASCHUNG, RAUHUNG, SCHALUNG 
with a different meaning), or sailors (STEILUNG). 
The 34 derivations from noun kernels can likewise be 
explained as histomically old (e.g. ZEITUNG, WALDUNG)) 
untypical) or misclasslfied (for details cf. BONTING, 
1969, 89 f.). 
5.3 Productivity 
The deverbative function of UNG is confirmed, when 
pmoductivity is considemed by looking through the 
non-lexicalized artificial words. To check my own 
judgement about the acceptability of various forms, 
I am currently trying to find ways how to get infor- 
mation from informants about these artificial words. 
So far, one general conclusion can be drawn from the 
various questionaires which I had filled in by students: 
there is wide disagreement about i. dictionaries, 2. 
what individuals think is normal and ought to be in 
a dictionary, and 3. what individuals think is normal, 
acceptable, peculiar, unacceptable, unrecognized. I0) 
There are, however, some characteristic grammatical 
reslxictions for acceptahallity, which parallel those 
of lexicalizations: accepted derivations are generally 
deverbative, and the verbs are predominatly transitive. 
That is no new insight; HENZEN has ~aid so in his "Deut- 
sche Wortbildung" (1965, 181) in regard to lexicalized 
forms. However, if it holds true for the potential forms, 
as the test suggests, a general rule can be formulated, 
where a relation between transizivity of verbs and ability 
lO)cf. CHAPIN (1967) for evaluation categories 
7 
- ii - 
to form derivates with UNG is stated. 
5.4 Functional and semantic derivation 
Rendering the general formula for derivations more 
precise in terms of grammatical functions leads to 
a more general point: the distinction between gramma- 
tical and semantic aspects of derivations. MARCHAND 
(1967), 13-26) and (1966, 138) suggests the following 
distinctions and terminology: 
expansion: no change of word-class 
derivation: change of word-class 
functional derivation: no additional semantic content 
semantic derivation: additional semantic content. 
According to this terminology, GLEICHUNG ~uld be a 
semantic derivation (mathematical equation) whereas 
LOCHUNG (punching) would be a functional one; with 
UNG there is, however, a complication, because it de- 
notes either the act signified by the verb or the 
result of the action. MARCHAND' s suggestions should 
be applied to empirical data; and they should be used 
in dictionary work, where only semantic derivations 
deserve an entry and functional derivation ought to be 
treated by rules, perhaps analogue to those covering 
purely syntactic transformations as suggested (cf. para- 
graph 4). 
6. Future plans 
There need be no discussion about the value of a com- 
puter for collecting and sorting empirical data. The 
approach of forming artificial words and then compa- 
ring them with a dictionary rather than collecting only 
dictionary material seems particularly suited for 
investigation of productive patterns of word for- 
marion. Therefore, we are planning to continue by 
- 12 - 
i. processing more and more derivation patterns 
2. sharpening the description in terms of grammatical and 
semantic functions 
3. adding kernels; for example• the class of nonwordable 
(bound) kernels llke GESS from VERGESSEN or SCHMITZ 
from VERSCHMITZT derserves attention. 
T A B L.E S 
Y a b 1 e 1 womd-classes of Kernels 
Kernklassen 8ubst Verb Ad~ 
T --!~ ........... &~ .......... !!~Z .... !B!~ .... ~!~__ 
a ...................... ~-~-~! ....... ~*~ .... ~*~___L~zL 
Anzahl 690 8)5 I~7 1 Homographen ................................. ,...~, 
v Total 47,4 45,2 4~,8 
G Insgesamt Anzahl 898 1o8o "2o8 r .......... °'°'°'°''°''°" .... °°'°°°°°*°" 
u ...................... ~_~_~! ....... ~h~ .... ~.~___~.~-_. 
n Haplographen Anzahl 495 565 122 • ........ °°°°..°°°°°°°°°°..°°°°~°,.•o° ,d 
v Total 54,o )o,5 59,o f °°°°°..°°°o.°°.°°°°°.°°o°•°°°°°.••°.°° 
v Grundf 55~2 52,1 58~6 
1 ...................... ~_z_~! ....... ~.~ .... ~h~___~LL_ 
b~l~e .~ ........... !~? ..... ~Y? ..... !!.. 
O Haplographen .~.\[.~?~?~ ........ 9~? .... ~ .... ~|~.. 
r ...................... ~_~_~!!~ ....... ~*~ .... ~Z*~___!~*L__ 
m 
e pote~t~elle .~.~.~ ........... ~ ..... \]7~ ..... ~... 
n Haplographen .~.~.~?~?~ ........ ?'~ ..... ~...!~.., 
V Allof 25,6 22,5 41,O 
- 14- 
T a b 1 e 2 derivation patterns 
derivation lexicalized non-liximlized 
pattern abs. ~el. abs. tel. 
/...-CHEN/ 87 3,2 2672 96,8 
/.,.-UNG/ 313 11,3 2446 88,6 
/BE-...-EN/ 347 12,6 2412 87,4 
/BE-...-IG-EN/ 20 0,7 2739 99,2 
/...-BAR/ 86 3,2 2673 96,8 
/...-LICH/ 139 5,0 2620 94,9 
abs = absolute number 
tel = relative 
- 15 - 
Table 3 example of final output 
DRASCH ---LH 
DREH A-K ..... Y----- 
ORE|ST -E ......... 
ORESCM --H 
DR|LL A-H ..... yN--~ 
DRING ~1 ......... Y- 
DRiSCH ---MH .......... 
DROEH Q! 
DROEHN 
........... DROESCH 
-.! 
---NH ......... 
OROH --I ...... YY---- 
DROSCH ---OH 
DRUCK A*H ....... Y---- 
.~ . DRUD A, 
DRUECK ~KQHQA .... Y-°~ 
.~_. DRUED ..... QA ........ 
DRUNG---- ---N| ......... 
DUCK --K ........... 
DUECK ---QK" 
DUEFT °--QIPA ........ 
DUELD ---QK .......... 
DUEMM ....... PE ..... 
DUEMPF ...... QE ...... 
OUEN --J ..... Y .... 
OUENG --H~QA---Y .... 
DUENK --K ...... Y---- 
--: ......... DUENN -E ....... Y---Y- 
OUENST --HQIPA ........ 
-?- " DUERF ~-MI ..................... 
__~____O_U~B -EH ...... v .... 
DUERST --IQIQA ........ 
• ._ DUESCH .............................. ~--QK ......... 
DUFT A-| .......... 
• DULD ..................................... --K ...... Yo-Y-- 
DUMM -E ......... 
DUNPF -E ........... 
DUNG A--NK' 
" 1 DUNST A-I ......... 
OURFT ......... ------~0~;'- ....... 
........ DURST A-I' 
DUSCH --K 
OUST A 
DUq'ZEND C 
EBB --I' 
ECHT 
EGG 
EHR 
EICH 
EID 
EIN 
--H 
A ......... Y--Y-- 
E|$ C 
ELCH 
ELEN 
END 
ENG 
ER8 
--K~YY-Y-YY 
-EH-- .... Y~ 
--H--- ...... Y--Y- 
ERD 
ERNST 
--H-- .... Y-Y-Y- 
AE ..... Y- 
ERNT --H 
ERZ C 
ESEL A ..... Y .... 
- 16 - 
0 
4~ 
*M 
q~ 
0 
o 
0 
r k o ~ ~ o ~ ~ o ~ ~-~-~-~'-~-~--~ 
.~. ~ ~ ~.~ ,.,..~ .... 
~ °°~°°*p*°.°*~o.~°o.~****o, 
......... ~i~ ..... .--...1 
~ ,,;'~ ,,~ &'oT' o'! ,; 
.... ~F,~~ 
~ o i~,~," 
~o~o 
n n 
a t~\[ 
- 17 - 
T a b 1 e 5 lexiealised UNG-derivations 
LI~TE 6 /.f°-UNG/ ANZAHL 313 I 
ACHT UNG B-K ....... Y--Y-- 
AECHT UNG --HQKQB---Y ..... 
AES UNG --H--PC---Y ..... 
AEST UNG ..... PA---Y ..... 
AETZ UrJG --K ....... Y--Y-- 
.... AHN UNG --K ....... Y--Y-- 
ALT UNG -E ....... YY ..... 
ART UtJG .......... B~K~ ..... Y--Y-- 
BAEH Uf~G --K ....... Y ..... 
BAHN UNG ........ B-H ....... Y ..... 
BALL UHG A ......... Y ..... 
BANK U~JG B ......... Y ..... 
BAUCH UNG A ......... Y ..... 
_ BEB LING --I ....... Y ..... 
BERG UtlG A-K ....... Y ..... 
BE~T .... U~|G C-K ....... Y ..... 
B!EG UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
__~1£~ UI~Q C-K ...... YY---YY 
BINO UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
BLAEH U~G ...................... --K~--__~?-_Y ..... 
BLATT UNG C ......... Y ..... 
BLEND _UNG ..................... --H---~-~?Y-~-- 
BLPCK UNG ..... A-H ....... Y .... 
BL:.: Ur~G C-I ....... Y ..... 
BO, ~ U~H; --K ....... Y ..... 
81~ACUN ur~G ........................... -- K---~-QE~'(T--'~Y- 
BRAi,O UrlG O ......... Y ..... 
BRE CH ___Ut.~L .................. -- K-'-T~I--- _-- Y-- Y-~ 
BRUEST Ur~G -- J--PB--YY ..... 
R|JCH U~LGL _C-H ....... Y ..... 
DACH IJP~G C ......... YY .... 
OAEMPF UNG --HOKPA---Y ..... . 
DECK UNG C-K ....... YY .... 
QEHN._. U~IG --K ....... Y--Y-- 
DICHT UNG -EK ....... Y ..... 
DICK UNG -E ........ Y---Y- 
DING UqG C -K~---~--~Y--Y- 
.DRAH\[.__UNG A-H ....... Y---Y~ ................ 
OREH UNG A-K ....... Y ..... 
___DRILL~__UHG ___ A-H .... ----Y ..... 
OROH UNG --I ....... YY .... 
DUEN UNG --J ....... Y ..... 
DUENG UNG --H--QA---Y ..... 
._DUENN~UNG ....................... TE-T~--T--Y --°Y- 
DUERR UNG -£H ....... Y ..... 
.DULD____~G ~-~K-~T~-~ Y--Y-- 
EHR UNG --H ....... YY--YY 
EICH UtIG --H ....... Y .... 
EIN UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
END UNG --K ...... YY-Y-YY 
ERD UNG --H ....... Y-Y-Y- 
FAELL Ut~Q ---MIPD---Y ..... 
FAELSCH UNG --H .... QE-Y---Y- 
FAERB UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
FALT UNG --H ....... Y .... 
FA$$ UNG C-K ....... YY-YY- 
FEIN UNG -EH ....... Y ..... 
FEST UNG CE ........ YYY-Y- 
FIND UNG --K ....... YY--~ 
FI~CH UNG A-H ...... ¥¥ ..... 
FORSCH UNG -El ....... Y ..... 
- 18 - 
LIgTE 6 /...-UNG/ 
FRIST UNG 
ANZAHL 313 2 
R-H ....... YY .... 
FROEN UNG --\]QIQD---Y ..... 
FUEG UNG --KQHQA---Y---Y- 
FU~HL UNG --K ....... YY-Y-- 
FUEHR UNG --KMK ..... Y .... 
FUELL UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
FURCH UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
GAER UNG --KQH--QE-Y .... ~ ........ 
GAST UNG A ......... Y---Y- 
GEIL UNG -EK ....... Y ..... 
GELT UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
GERB UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
GLEICH UNG -EK ....... YY .... 
GLEIT UNG --I ....... YY .... 
GRAB UNG C-H ....... YY .... 
GRAS UNG .................... C~H~: ..... YY .... 
GRUEND UNG --H--PA---Y---YY 
GUET UNG ..... PAOEYY---Y- 
GURT UNG A-H ....... Y ..... 
HAELFT UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
HAERT UNG --H .... PE-YY .... 
HA~UF UNG --H ...... YY ..... 
HAEUT UNG ---OH .... YY .... 
HAEUT UNG --K--PB--YY ..... 
HAFT UNG "~H~--~--'~YN 
HALB UNG -E ........ Y ..... 
HALS UNG ............. A ~ ........ Y ..... 
HALT UNG A-K ....... YY-Y-- 
HART UNG -E ........ Y ..... 
HAUS UHG C-K ....... YY .... 
HEB UNG --K ....... YY .... 
HEFT UNG C-H ....... Y ..... 
HEIL UNG CEK ....... Y--Y-- 
HEIZ UNG --K ....... YY-Y-- 
HEMM UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
HOEHL UNG ....... QE-V ..... 
HOLZ UNG C ......... yy--N 
HORN UNG C ......... Y ..... 
HORT UNG A-H ....... Y ..... 
HUET UNG --K--PO--YY ..... 
HUT UNG D ......... Y ..... 
IMPF UN~ --H ....... Y ..... 
KAPP UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
KEIR UNG A-I ....... YY .... 
KENN UNG --H ....... YY-Y-- 
KETT UNG --K ...... YY ..... 
KLAER UNG --H .... QE-Y---Y- 
KLEID UNG C-K ...... YYY .... 
KNECHT UNG A-H ....... Y---Y- 
KNICK UNG A-H ....... ~ ..... 
KNOSP UNG --\] ....... Y ..... 
KNUEPF UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
KOER UNG --HMH ..... Y:---~ 
KOERN UN~ ..... PP---Y ..... 
KRAENK UNG --KQI--PE~Y---Y - 
KREUZ UNG C-K ....... YYY--- 
KROEN UNG --H ..... --YY--~ 
KROEPF UN~ ..... PA---Y ..... 
KRUEMM UNG --K .... OE-Y .... 
KU~HL U~ -EH ....... Y .... 
KUERZ UNG --H .... PE-Y ..... 
- 19 - 
LISTE 4 /,..-UNG/ ANZAHL 313 
LAB UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
LAD UNG --H ....... YY .... 
LAENM UNG --H .... QE-Y ..... 
LAEHH UNG --HqI--qE-Y ..... 
LAIB UNG A ......... Y ..... 
LAND U~@ ~-K ....... Y ..... 
LASCH UNG -E ........ Y ..... 
.LAUT UNG A-I ....... Y--Y-- 
LEER UNG -EH ....... Y ..... 
~EG UNG --KNI ..... YY .... 
LEIB UNG A ........ YY---Y- 
LENK UNG --H ....... y--Y-- 
LES UNG --K ....... YY-Y-- 
LICHT UNG CE ....... YYY .... 
LOEHN UNG --HQHPA-----Y ..... 
~OES UNG --H~IQC~E-Y---Y- 
LOET UNG --H--QC---Y ..... 
LUEFT U~ --H--PO--YY ..... 
HAEST UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
HAHN UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
MARK UNG D Y 
HEHR UNG .--H ....... Y ..... 
HELD UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
HENG UNG --K ....... YY .... 
HESS UNG --K ....... YY-Y-- 
MISCH UNG --K ....... Y--Y-- 
HUEND UNG 
MUT UNG 
NEIG UNG 
NFNN I1~ 
--IQIPD--YY---Y- 
A ......... Y .... 
--H ....... Y ..... 
--K ....... YY-Y-- 
OEL UNG C-H ....... Y ..... 
.__QRt .... _UNG ..................... D--~TT~T~TYT---- 
OST UNG A ......... Y ..... 
~K___.UNG ............... C-K .... ~u-YTTT-- 
PACHT UNG 8-H ....... Y ..... 
PACK UNG C-H ....... YY .... 
PA~S UNG A-I ....... Y .... 
.... PElt VNG .................... ~H-~-T-T-Y ..... 
PEITSCH UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
~JEAEHL tlNR ...................... -~-TT~PA---Y ..... 
PFAEND UNG --H--PC---Y--Y-- 
PFLANZ UNG --H ....... YY--Y- 
PLAN UNG A-H ....... Y .... 
PRAEG UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
PRUEF UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
QUELL UNG A-K ...... YY ..... 
QUETSCH UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
RAEUM UNG --H--PA---Y---Y- 
RAEUH UNG ---Q\] ..... Y---Y- 
RAFF UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
RAIN UNG A ........ Y ..... 
RAUH Ut|G -E ........ Y ..... 
REG UNG --K ....... Y~-~ 
REICH UNG CEK ....... Y---Y- 
REIH UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
REIZ UNG A-H ....... Y--Y-- 
RENK UNG H Y 
RETT UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
RICHT UNG --K ....... yyy-u " 
ROD UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
ROEST .UNG --HQIQA---Y .... 
- 20 - 
t ISTE~__~L, juz~UNG/ ANZAH~ 313 
ROET UNG --H .... PE-Y---Y- 
RUEHR UNG --K---QB---YY-Y-- 
RUEST UNG --H ....... YY .... 
__RUND UNG CE ........ Y---Y- 
SCHAECHTUNG ..... PA---Y ..... 
SCHAEFT UNG ..... PA--°Y ..... 
5CHAEL UNG --K .... QE-YY .... 
SCHAEND UNG --H ....... Y---Y- 
SCHAETZ UNG ..... PA-°YYY-Y-- 
SCHAFF UNG ._ -TK ....... YY-°Y- 
SCHAL UNG -E ........ YY .... 
SCHALT rING --KLH ..... Y ..... 
SONAR UNG -B-K ....... Y ..... 
SCHATZ UNG A ......... Y .... 
SCHAU UNG B-K ....... YY-Y-- 
SDHECK UNG ............ ~-H ....... Y ..... 
SCHEID UNG --K--~---Y ..... 
SCHENK UNG A-H ....... YY .... 
SCHER UNG --K ....... YY .... 
SCHICHT UNG B-K ....... Y ..... 
SCHICK UNG -EK ....... YY--YY 
SCHIRM UNG A-H ....... YY .... 
SCHLACHTUNG B-H ....... Y ..... 
SCHLEIF UNG ~--K~--~ ~ 
SCHLICHTUNG -EH ....... ¥ ..... 
SCHLIESSUNG " --H --~ .... YY-YY- 
____~_SCH_MELZUNG A-K ....... Y--Y-- 
SCHMIED UNG A-H ....... Y--Y-- 
SCHVUECKUNG . °-H°-~A~\[;Y .... 
SCHNUER UNG ..... PB--YYY .... 
....... SCHOENUNG -EHQH ..... YY .... 
SCHOEPF UNG ..... PA--YY ..... 
SCHON UNG --It ....... Y ..... 
SCHRAEG UNG -EHQ| ..... Y ..... 
SCHREIB UNQ --K ....... YY .... 
SCHREIT UNG --I ....... YY .... 
SCHUERF UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
$CHUERZ UNG -°H ....... Y .... 
.... S{H~NG . - .... QA---YY .... 
SCHWAECHUNG -°H .... PE-Y---Y- 
SCHWAER/UNG .. --H .... P~-Y---Y- 
SCHWANK UNG A°I ....... Y ..... 
__. SCHWWEB N --I ....... y .... 
SCHWEISSUNG A-K ....... YY .... 
____~CHWEL UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
SCHWELL UNG -°K ....... Y ..... 
SCHWENK UNG --K ....... Y .... 
SCHWIND UNG --I ....... Y ..... 
SCHWING UNG --K ....... YY .... 
SEND UNG --H ....... YY---- 
SENK UNG --K ....... Y~--~ 
SICHT UNG B-H- T ..... Y-YYY- 
SITZ UN~ ~-I ....... Y~--~ 
SPALT UNG A-K ....... Y .... 
SPANN U~G .. c-KLK ..... YY---- 
SPEIS UNG B-H ....... Y- .... 
SpFND UNG -- - --H--~---~---~ 
SPERR UNG ~-H ....... y .... 
SPREIZ UNG --K ....... Y .... ... . , 
SPRENG UNG --K ....... YY---- 
21 - 
LISTE q /...-UNGI _ A N_~_A_HL _3_\].3 5 
SPROSS UNG A-IOK ..... YY .... 
S~UEL UNG --KQIQA---YY .... 
SPUND UNG A-H ....... Y ..... 
STAK uN~ --HLK ..... Y ..... 
STALL UNG A ......... YY .... 
STAU UIIG ~-K ....... Y ..... 
STEIF UNG -EH ....... YY .... 
~EIG UNG A-I ....... YY .... 
STEIL Ut~G -E ........ Y ..... 
_-~LL_ UNG --K ....... YY .... 
STIFT UNG D-K ....... Y ..... 
STILL UNG -\[H ....... Y ..... 
STIMN UNG --K ...... YYY--Y- 
_ STOCK LP\]G A-I ....... YY .... 
STOER Ut4G --K ....... Y ..... 
__~TRAHL UNG A-| ....... yy .... 
STRAND UNG A-I ....... Y ..... 
STREB tl~G ---I ....... YY .... 
STREICH UI;G A-K ....... YY .... 
STROEM UNG --I--PA---YY .... 
~\]~.J~PJ_tLG_ ............. --K--PA---YY .... 
STUETZ UNG ---KQH ..... Y ..... 
STUF UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
STUND U~;G --it ....... Y ..... 
ut~ , _~-K--~ .... v .... 
SUEHN UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
~TA~LG_ A-I-~.---.~TYY .... . .............. 
TAL UNG C ......... Y ..... 
~ARN |IN~ _ ---N ....... Y ..... 
TEER UNG A-H ....... Y ..... 
.__TEIL. UNG D-H ...... YY-YY-- 
TOEN UNG --K--PA---Y--.--- 
~EI__._ UtJG --H~ .... --Y-T--- 
TON UNG A ......... YY .... 
~RAENK UNG --HMHPA--YY ..... 
TRAU ur;G --K ....... VY--Y- 
TROEST UHG --It--QA---Y---y- 
___\]rRtlER tJtlG ......................... -EH~-T~T--YY .... 
UEB UNG --H ....... Y .... 
VIER UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
WAEG UNG 
JAEHR UNG 
WAHR UNG 
~ALD UNG 
WALL UNG 
JANO UfJG 
--HQH ..... Y--Y-- 
--IQH--QE-Y ..... 
-EH ....... YY .... 
A ......... YY .... 
A-I ....... Y ..... 
O ......... Y ..... 
WASCH UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
~hLG_ --H ....... YY--y- 
WEISS UNG -EHMH ..... YY-~Y- 
W\[IT Uric -EH ....... Y--~-- 
WEND UNG --K ....... YY .... 
W~RB UH~ --K ....... YY-~Y- 
WERT UNG AEH ....... YY .... 
WIND UNG A-K ...... YYY---- 
NIRR UNG -E ........ Y ..... 
WOELB UNG --H ....... Y ..... 
WOHN UNG --1 ....... YY-'YY 
_WUEST UNG -EI--QA---Y ..... 
ZAHL UNG B-K ....... YY-y-- 
ZAHN UNG A-I ....... Y--~-- 
__~HR UNG --I ....... Y ..... 
ZEIT UNG B ......... Y--~Y- 
__ZEUG UNG C-K ....... YY .... 
ZIEH UNG --KDH ..... YY .... 
ZUECHT UNG --H--PB---Y ..... 
ZUECK UNG --K ....... Y ..... 
__ZUEND UNG - --K ....... Y--Y-- 

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