Pangloss: A Machine Translation Project 
Sergei Nirenburg 
Center for Machine Translation 
Carnegie Mellon University 
Pittsburgh, PA 15213 
The project involves three sites (NMSU, USC, CMU) and is 
devoted to enhancing the state of the art in machine translation 
of natm'al language texts. 
Pangloss uses a hybrid, multi-engine approach, though 
knowledge-based machine translation takes a majority of re- 
sources. 
Types of work in the knowledge-based direction include: 
• continuing development of a set of knowledge acquisi- 
tion tools and utilities to support the above work. 
• building high-quality syntactic, semantic and prag- 
matic analyzers for the source languages (Spanish and 
Japanese); 
• developing a high-quality text planner and generator for 
the target language (English); 
• designing a highly-expressive text meaning representa- 
tion language (the interlingua) in which the results of 
analysis and input to generation are recorded; 
• putting togethera detailed domain model ("ontology") 
and, for each of the languages involved, a lexicon which 
maps lexical units of respective languages into elements 
of the world model and a grammar. 
Other types of work includes 
• developing an example-based machine translation en- 
gine, a first system of this kind to attempt processing of 
full text rather than specific examples; 
• developing a back-up lexical transfer system based on 
a battery of glossaries, dictionaries, gazetteers, etc. and 
fortified with morphological analysis and synthesis rou- 
tines; 
• developing a mechanism for integrating the results of the 
multiple MT engines in a hybrid, multi-engine system; 
• continuing development, deployment and testing of a 
human-computer interface, a translator's workstation, 
to support postediting and interactive editing during the 
operation of the translation system; and 
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