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<Paper uid="W03-0105">
  <Title>Grounding spatial named entities for information extraction and question answering</Title>
  <Section position="2" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="abstr">
    <SectionTitle>
Abstract
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The task of named entity annotation of unseen text has recently been successfully automated with near-human performance.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> But the full task involves more than annotation, i.e. identifying the scope of each (continuous) text span and its class (such as place name). It also involves grounding the named entity (i.e.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> establishing its denotation with respect to the world or a model). The latter aspect has so far been neglected.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> In this paper, we show how geo-spatial named entities can be grounded using geographic coordinates, and how the results can be visualized using off-the-shelf software. We use this to compare a textual surrogate of a newspaper story, with a visual surrogate based on geographic coordinates.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
class="xml-element"></Paper>