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<Paper uid="W99-0411">
  <Title>Automated Essay Scoring for Nonnative English Speakers</Title>
  <Section position="6" start_page="73" end_page="75" type="ackno">
    <SectionTitle>
Acknowledgements
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> We owe considerable thanks to Karen Kukich, who designed the architecture for the operational version of e-rater, and who led the team at ETS that refined and implemented the production version of the system. The production version makes the process of continued research in automated scoring much smoother. Thanks to Susanne Wolff for her invaluable collaboration on the e-rater system from its inception. We are also grateful to Steve Abney for allowing us to use CASS in the operational version of e-rater; to Claudia Leacock for leading the design and development effort to create the ETS-enhanced version of CASS; to Thomas Morton and Hoa Trang Dang for the implementation of the ETS-enhanced version of CASS; and to Daniel Zuckerman, who made it possible to run CASS on both Unix and NT platforms. We thank Chi Lu for implementations and re-implementations of statistical programming embedded in erater, and Magdalena Wolska for the work she did implementing tools that allowed us to conduct this study with ease. Finally, we are grateful to ETS test developers for all of the dialogue that has helped us understand the educational direction of automated essay scoring, and all the people at ETS and GMAC who supported this research from its inception.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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