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<Paper uid="C00-1071">
  <Title>LANGUAGES OF ANALOGICAL STRINGS</Title>
  <Section position="8" start_page="491" end_page="491" type="concl">
    <SectionTitle>
6 Conclusion
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Only a slnall number of proposals have been made tbr the modelisation of analogy, the rare exceptions being (Itkonen 8: Ilaukioja 97) and, out of linguistics, (Hofsta.dter et al. 94), maybe because the dominant strea.m in linguistics for years, tile generative one, against works by the founders of modern linguistics (e.g. (Sanssure J6, Part 1II, Chap. 4 &amp; 5)), explicitly rebutted analogy as a possible object of research (see (Itkonen gz naukioja 97, 7132 and 136), for quotations from Chomsky) under the fallacious pretext that blind application of analogy may lead to falsity in logic and agra.mmaticality in syntax, ltowever, following recent results in experimental psychology and refuta.tions of the innateness hypothesis (Itkonen 94), analogy nlay reasonably be argued to be a component in language (of course, surely not the only one).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> llaving posited only lbur fundanmntal hypotheses on analogy, we have shown how to generate a fmnily of formal languages, called languages of analogical strings. It is important to note that analogical string grammars, like simple contextual grammars (llie 96), do not lnake any use of non-terminals. Crammaticality is sin\]ply tested against some attested strings, after reduction according to some models. The a.pproach by reductiol~ to attested \['orms has already heen advocated in natural language processing (Sager 81).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> The key language {a'%'~c&amp;quot;~d'~/n &gt; l} against the context-freeness hypothesis of natural language is easily shown to be a language of analogical strings. Also, all languages of analogical strings possess the bounded growth property, which attempts to capture mild contextsensitivity, a notion introduced to cope with the apparent power of human languages.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> The fact that the regular language {a'~}, the context-free language {a%'~}, and the context-sensitive language { a ~ b ~ c '~ } are very similar 1 anguages of analogical strings shows that analogy allows us &amp;quot;to get round&amp;quot; the Chomsky classitication. null</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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