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<Paper uid="P85-1027">
  <Title>ANAPHORA RESOLUTION: SHORT-TERM MEMORY AND FOCUSING RAYMONDE GUINDON Microeleotronlcs and Computer Technology Corporation</Title>
  <Section position="9" start_page="999" end_page="999" type="concl">
    <SectionTitle>
SUMMARY
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The notion of focusing and the notion that the form of the anaphor signals whether ~he referen~ is in focus or no~ have cognitive support. Items in focus are items in the cache which is dynamically updated ~o contain ~he T most ~opical and the R most recen~ items in the ~ex~. Because the cache con~alns few items, pronouns should be used ~o refer to items in focus. O~her things being equal, anaphora resolution will be easier if the antecedent is in focus, because ~he retrieval ~imes from the cache are much faster ~han those from the operating memory. Antecedents not in focus are in operating memory. I~ems no~ in focus are in operating memory. A definite noun phrase, because it is more descriptive ~han a pronoun, should be used to re~rieve the ~nteceden~ from ~he large set of i~ems in operating memory.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> However, because ~he reErleval ~ime is slow in opera~in~ memory, anaphora resolution is more dlfflcul~ for i~ems ~ha~ are no~ in focus. The relns~a~emen~ of am an~eceden~ into ~he cache effects a ~oplc shift.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> The on-llne activation ~echnique was developed specifically to provide empirical data on the no~ion of focus.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> The ~dvan~age of this technique over conventional memory experiments is that one can ~est precisely the ~emporal properties of various analyses and processes occurring durln~ sentence and ter~ comprehension. This technique can be used to distinguish between different models of anaphora resolution when ~hese models are no~ easily distinguished on the basis of discourse or dialogue an~iysls.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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