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<Paper uid="C88-1036">
  <Title>Metonymy and Metaphor: What's the Difference?</Title>
  <Section position="7" start_page="179" end_page="179" type="concl">
    <SectionTitle>
6 Conclusions
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The above analysis illustrates, we hope, why metonymy and metaphor are easily confused: both are non-literal and are found through the discovery of some aspect (a property) shared by the source, a preference, and the target, in the above case a surface noun. Our conclusion is that metonymy and metaphor are very different phenomena, much as Lakoff and Johnson (1980) have said, except that we add detailed suggestions as to why. We suggest that some key differences between metonymy and metaphor are: (a) how the shared aspect is selected, (b) the operations that happen after the selection, and (c) the effect those operations produce.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> In the case of metonymy, (a) the selected aspect is a property that forms a regular semantic relationship with a property from the target; (b) there is substitution, i.e., replacement of one conceptual entity with another; hence (c) the observed referential function of metonymy.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> In the case of metaphor, (a) the selected aspect is a relevant property; (b) forms an analogy with a property from the target; and (c) the effect is of surprise discovery of similarity between the two concepts.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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