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<Paper uid="C96-2142">
  <Title>(11) Modified Modifiers Verb Adverb, Noun, Prepositional Phrase Noun Adjective, Prepositional Phra~ Adjective Adverb, Prepositional Phrase</Title>
  <Section position="5" start_page="845" end_page="886" type="concl">
    <SectionTitle>
5. Adjectives and Other Modifiers
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The MikroKosmos analyzer treats modification by attempting to merge the meanings of the modifiers into the meanings of the modified. For those modifiers whose memfings are (possibly, sets of) property-value pairs, the method is to insert file values riley carry into file same property slot in the modified. For inst,'mcc, file sense of smooth as in smooth silk will be a r,'mge on file TEXTURE scale. If TEXTURE is defined as a property of PIIYSICAL-OBJECF or MATERIAL, and SILK is a descendent of either of them, then the v',duc carried in the lexicon entry for smooth will be inserted by the analyzer as the TEXTURE property value for file instance of silk in tim TMR.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Our apwoach covers ,all property modification in language, not only adjective-noun combinations. Thus, it would be applicable to noun-noun combinations, adverb-verb combinations and other mollification situations, as illustrated in (11):  The most challenging cases in all kinds of modification would be those where syntactic dependency does not i~redeternfine semantic dependency. In lhis pawr we have illustrated a method, based on ontology and text memfing representation, of lreating such discretxmcies in dependency for adjectiwd modification. This method  has been tested in the MikroKosmos semantic analyzer based on the iexical entries for 6,000 Spanish mid 1,500 English adjectives.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> The method is based on the discovery of a small number of basic types of adjectival lexical entries and its nse, with minor modifications, with a l~wge number of specific lexical entries, thus nmking tile acquisition of adjectives cognitively easier, faster, and cheaper. Each type of lexical entry (lctennines a type of mtxlilication relationship between the adjective ~md the kind of nouns it modifies, most significantly, whether this relationslfip is property-based or not-property-based. We have also discovered that this approach to adjectival me,ruing is language-independent: what varies from language to language is the adjectival superentries, i.e., the various combinations of different meanings of the same adjective, as well as adjectival availability for a certain metaling. i.e., whether a specific meaning c,'m Ire expressed adjectivally in a language. Most adjectiwd meanings of one language are, however, expressed adjectiwdly as well in another language, and the lexical entry for this me,ruing is then unchanged.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> In m,'my languages, adjectives and adverbs are the sanle. Is our approach to adjectival moditication of holms applicable to adverhi~d mcxlilication of ved~s? Initial research shows that the property-/non-l~roperty-based dichotomy holds there as well. We intend to test the hypothesis flint this method extrapolates to ~dl the above types of modification as well.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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