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<Paper uid="W97-1104">
  <Title>Prediction of Vowel and Consonant Place of Articulation</Title>
  <Section position="8" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="concl">
    <SectionTitle>
6 Conclusions
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The main places of articulation for vowels and plosive consonants can be predicted from a criterion of efficiency of articulatory-acoustic relations. For vowels, a 4-region model (taking into account the first two formants) is needed, and for the plosive consonants, an 8-region model (taking into account the first three formants). This has important implication for the role of complexity in the production of vowels versus consonants.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1">  If the regions 5, 6, 8 are the best places for R. maximum formant variations (maximum dynamic acoustic contrast)fin the case of non-nasal closureopening, how does: one explain the production of nasal consonant having the same places of articulation? For R. nasal consonants, !it is not evident that the maximum dynamic contrasts are preserved. Perhaps, simplicity of production (same iplaces of articulation) may be the criterion if the dynamic acoustic more important E. * * I. contrasts are sufficient? Additional experiments have to R. be undertaken to l know if this apparently optimal acoustic behavior: of the human speech apparatus represents adaptat!ons specialized for communication, i.e., is it a consequence of communication theory R.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> (ecological point of view) or is it just a coincidence? Is it that speech is just an overlaid function on a system designed primarily for feeding? The answer to this question will determine the importance and validity of our deductions. R.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> In summary, the DRM model uses as its basic elements, control commands, that allow one to deduce the places of articulation for vowels and consonants thereby uncovering the physical bases of phonological R. distinctions. Furthermore, speech synthesis using this model have yielded high quality results (Hill, et al., 1995).</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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