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<Paper uid="W98-0805">
  <Title>The value of minimal prosodic information in spoken language</Title>
  <Section position="8" start_page="46" end_page="46" type="concl">
    <SectionTitle>
6 Role of pauses in speech in a
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    <Paragraph position="0"> wider context As hypothesized the entropy, H3, declines as the major and minor boundary markers are inserted. This indicates that it will be worthwhile to capture the prosodic information on major and minor pauses from the ASR, in addition to the usual transcription of the words themselves. Our investigation was prompted by a specific task in which the output of trained speakers is transcribed automatically. However, it is of wider interest. \\re show that representing pauses as well as words helps determine the structure of language, and thus contribute to the quality of a language model.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> It is many years since Mandelbrot investigated the way in which the statistical structure of language is best adapted to coding words (Mandelbrot, 1952). He suggested that language is &amp;quot;intentionally if not consciously produced in order to be decoded word by word in the easiest possible fashion.&amp;quot; If we accept his suggestion we would expect that naturally occurring events, such as pauses in speech, are utilised to facilitate the transfer of information. Patterns of speech segmentation are likely to emerge to produce an efficient coding (Lyon; 1998).</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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