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<Paper uid="P01-1036">
  <Title>Abbreviations: CRC - Czech Radio(tele)communications CTV - Czech TV CR - Czech Republic CSF - (CS) Federation</Title>
  <Section position="5" start_page="2" end_page="2" type="evalu">
    <SectionTitle>
5 Illustrations
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The development of salience degrees during a discourse, as far as determined by these rules, may be illustrated on the basis of five sentence tokens (utterances) from PDT, starting from (1), which constitute a segment of a newspaper text (we indicate the numerical values of salience reduction for every noun token that is a referring expression). We present here - similarly as with (1') in Section 3 above - highly simplified representations of these sentences, with parentheses for every dependent member and the symbols t, c, and f for contextual boundness;  Only immediate associative links are taken into account for the time being, such as those between (Czech) crown and money, or between TV or (its) signal and (its) viewer.  These tentative rules, which have been presented at several occasions (starting with Hajicov and Vrbov 1982) for the aims of a further discussion, still wait for a systematic testing and evaluation, as well as for enrichments and more precise formulations. These issues may find new opportunities now, when e.g. a comparison with the centering theory gets possible and when a large set of annotated examples from continuous texts in PDT is available. An automatic derivation of such features can only be looked for after the lexical units included get a very complex and subtle semantic classification.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> numbers of the degrees of salience (more precisely, of salince reduction) for every referring expression are inserted in the sentences themselves. This example should enable the reader to check (at least in certain aspects) the general function of the procedure we use, as well as the degree of its empirical adequacy in the points it covers, and also our consistence in assigning the indices. We are aware of the preliminary character of our analysis, which may and should be enriched in several respects (not to cover only noun groups, to account for possible episodic text segments, for oral speech with the sentence prosody, for cases of deictically, rather than anaphorically conditioned salience, etc.).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> We do not reflect several peripheral points, such as the differences between surface word order and the scale of CD (underlying WO), mainly caused by the fact that a dependent often precedes its head word on the surface (in morphemics), although if the dependent has f (as e.g. rychle (quickly) has in (1)), then it follows its head under CD (with the exceptions of focus sensitive particles, cf. Hajicov, Partee and Sgall 1998); our translations are literal.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3">  (4) Do rozdelen.1 federace.1 toti signl.1 zajitovaly vyslace.0 v SR.0.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> Until the-division of-the-federation as-amatter-of-fact the-signal.Accusative provided transmitters.Nominative in S(lovac)R(epublic).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="5"> (4') (do-rozdelen.t (federace.t)) (toti.t) (signl.t) zajitovaly.t (vyslace.f (v-SR.f)).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="6"> (5) Cesk televize d urychlenou vstavbu novch vyslacu.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="7"> Czech Television requires quick construction of-new transmitters.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="8"> (5') ((Cesk.t) televize.t) d.f ((urychlenou.f) vstavbu.f ((novch.f)  vyslacu.t)) The development of salience reduction of the referents most frequently mentioned in (1) - (5) is characterized in Tab. 1, which includes numbers of salience reduction degrees and of those rules from Section 3 that are the main sources of the degrees. Two further remarks may be added, concerning details of our analysis that have not been discussed above and may not be directly found in the previous publications we refer to: (a) a noun group consisting of a head with t or c and of one or more adjuncts with f constitutes a referring expression as a whole, in the prototypical case, and gets degree 0, if it occurs in F; this concerns e.g. the group vyslace v SR (transmitters in the Slovac Republic) in sentence (4), or CT 2 (CTV 2) in (2); here 2 is treated as an adjunct of CT; (b) the difference between the degrees 0 and 1 is not sufficient for a safe choice of reference, so that, e.g., the reference of the pronoun jejich (their) after (1) by itself is indistinct, and only inferencing helps to establish that Cesk radiokomunikace (Czech Radiocommunications) are referred to (viewers normally do not have transmitters at their diposal).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="9">  Even with this short piece of discourse, its segmentation is reflected, if its first subsegment, discussed up to now (sentences (1) - (5)), is compared with its continuation, i.e. sentences (6) - (9), given below. While the first segment deals primarily with CTV and its signal (cf. the relatively high salience of CTV, CTV1, CTV2, RC, signal and viewer in most parts of the segment), sentences (6) (9) are devoted to financial issues, as can be seen from the following facts: (a) money gets degree 0 after (6), in which it functions as its focus proper (the most dynamic item), (b) Czech crown gets degree 1 after (7), in which it is an embedded part of the focus, and (c) the group financial coverage gets degree 1 in sentence (8).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="10"> The continuation is presented here without the TGTSs: (6) Nae spolecnost mue kol splnit, ale chybej nm penze.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="11"> Our company can the-task.Accusative fulfil, but is-lacking us.Dative the-money.Nominative.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="12"> (7) Letos by vstavba technickho zarzen v sedmi lokalitch stla 120 milinu korun, ale mueme uvolnit jen 80 milinu.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="13"> This-year, would the-construction of-technical equipment in seven localities cost 120 million crowns, but we-can spend only 80 million.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="14">  vstavba vyslacu a prevadecu signlu v pohranic.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="15"> Further 62 million crowns.Accusative Refl. willrequire the-construction.Nominative oftransmitters and transferrers of-the-signal in theborder-area. null</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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