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<Paper uid="P02-1041">
  <Title>Coupling CCG and Hybrid Logic Dependency Semantics</Title>
  <Section position="8" start_page="11" end_page="11" type="evalu">
    <SectionTitle>
5 Intonation and Information Structure
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Information Structure (IS) in English is in part determined by intonation. For example, given the question in (28), an appropriate response would be (29).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1">  CCG syntactic analyses to determine the contribution of different constituents to IS. Steedman calls segments such as Ed wrote of (29) the theme of the sentence, and a book the rheme. The former indicates the part of the utterance that connects it with the preceding discourse, whereas the latter provides information that moves the discourse forward.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> In the context of Discourse Representation Theory, Kruijff-Korbayov'a (1998) represents IS by splitting DRT structures into a topic/focus articulation of the form TOPIC BABB FOCUS. We represent  Following Pierrehumbert's notation, the intonational contour L+H* indicates a low-rising pitch accent, H* a sharplyrising pitch accent, and both LH% and LL% are boundary tones.  this in HLDS as a term incorporating the BABB operator. Equating topic and focus with Steedman's theme and rheme, we encode the interpretation of (29) as:  DGL builds such structures by using a rewriting system to produce terms with topic/focus articulation from the terms produced by the syntax.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> Steedman uses the pitch accents to produce lexical entries with values for the INFORMATION feature, which we call here sinf . L+H* and H* set the value of this feature as th (for theme) or r (for rheme), respectively. He also employs categories for the boundary tones that carry blocking values for sinf which stop incomplete intonational phrases from combining with others, thereby avoiding derivations for utterances with nonsensical intonation contours.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> Our approach is to incorporate the syntactic aspects of Steedman's analysis with DGL's rewriting system for using informativity to partition sentential meaning. In addition to using the syntactic feature sinf , we allow intonation marking to instantiate the values of the semantic informativity feature inf . Thus, we have the following sort of entry:  We therefore straightforwardly reap the syntactic benefits of Steedman's intonation analysis, while IS itself is determined via DGL's logical form rewriting system operating on the modal indications of informativity produced during the derivation. The articulation of IS can thus be performed uniformly across languages, which use a variety of strategies including intonation, morphology, and word order variation to mark the informativity of different elements. The resulting logical form plugs directly into DGL's architecture for incorporating sentence meaning with the discourse.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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