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<Paper uid="C94-2185">
  <Title>REFERENCE RESOLUTION USING SEMANTIC PATTERNS IN JAPANESE NEWSPAPER, ARTICLES</Title>
  <Section position="5" start_page="1135" end_page="1135" type="evalu">
    <SectionTitle>
4 DISCUSSION
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Tile second and third heuristic methods show high accuracy in finding the referents of dousha with ga and ha. This means that partial semantic parsing (in which key semantic information such as company name, human name, and title is marked) is snflicient for reference resolution of important referential expressions such as dousha in Japanese. Moreover, since the two modified methods are simple, they will be easily implemented by computationally inexpensive finite-state pattern matchers (Hobbs el aL 1992; Cowie ct al. 1993). Therefore, they will be suitable for large scale text processing (Jaeobs 1992; Chinchor el al. 1993).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> One important point to realize is that the second and third methods, although they are simple to implement, achieve something that is rather complicated and may be computatlonally expensive otherwise. For example, in order to find the correct referent of a given dousha, you may have to skip one entire paragraph and find the referent two paragraphs before, or you may have to choose the right company name from several possible company names which appear before the given dousha. The modified methods do this correctly most of the time without worrying about constructing sometimes complicated syntactic structures of the sentences in the search window for the possible referent.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Another important point is that the modified methods make good use of post-nominal particles, especially ha and ga. For example, if the referent is located two sentences or more before, then the referent (the company name) comes with ha ahnost all the time (35 out of 38 such cases for both dousha).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> It seems that if tile referent of the dousha in consideration is more than a certain distance before, two sentences in this case, then tile referent is marked with ha most of the time. Kitani also uses this ha or ga marked company names as key information in his reference resolution algorithm for dousha (Kitani 1994).</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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