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<Paper uid="W98-0513">
  <Title>I I I I i I i: AN ANNOTATED CORPUS IN JAPANESE USING TESNI\] RE'S STRUCTURAL SYNTAX</Title>
  <Section position="6" start_page="113" end_page="113" type="evalu">
    <SectionTitle>
4 TRANSFERENCE
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Transference r, in essence, consists in transferring to a content word of a given category the function or role of another category. According to Tesni~re, it is precisely this transference which aUows a speaker of any language to never be stopped by the fact that a needed concept does not fit, by category, into the role required at a given point in an utterance.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Transferer Transference applies to a content word, called the transferee. It is performed by a transferer, which may be: * a function word 69 (no, of), ~:- (hi, to), T (sum, to do), etc.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> 7Here, we follow the recommendation of Tesni~re himself to render the French word translation with this English term especially coined for the meaning here.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> some morphological device C/ &lt; (ku, adverbial form of adjectives), C/ &amp;quot;C (re, pending form of verbs), etc.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="5"> no mark at all (the so-called &amp;quot;relatives&amp;quot; of Japanese are in fact transferences: a verb is transferred into an adjective without any marker). In this case, we indicate the transferer node by C/.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="6"> As a result of transference, the category of the content word has been transformed into another category so that it can play the role of the resulting category. For instance: ,-k,,'Y-Jt~:O ~ ,~,-Y-Jp0):A hoteru hoteru no hotel of the hotel Representation Depending on the position of the transferer, left and right transferences have to be distinguished. In Japanese, the transferer is predominantly on the right of the transferee. We represent the transference with the help of a 3-node subtree to render Tesni~re's capital T notation: * the mother node bears the target category, followed (or preceded) by T if the transferer is on the right of the transferee in the sentence, (usual case in Japanese), or on the left.; * the left (or right) daughter bears the transferee, represented by its category; * the other daughter bears the transferer, PSe. the function word in extenso.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="7"> A mother node does not correspond to any word in the surface text so it bears an empty interval (denoted as \[n_n\], with any u). However, as the root of a subtree, it represents the sum of the intervals of all its subtrees.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="8"> Na-Adjectlves A class of Sino-Japanese nouns exists in Japanese, extended in contemporanean Japanese by a full range of English-Japanese nouns (Sells 96) (~--- ~' f,c (yuniikuna. unique), 7 I/.:p -~ :~ foC/ (huressyu-na, fresh)), which could be semantically interpreted as adjectives, but follow a specific syntactical behaviour, different from standard adjectives ending in ~ (i) (Appendix C). They are the so-called na-adjectives in Japanese grammar books  written in English, although in Japanese terminology they are described as noun-adjectives. In attributive positions, these words require a special function word, tx (na). We analysed t.c as a transferer of nouns (0) into adjectives (A). This view meets that of (Kuwae 89), vol 1, p. 185, who considers that, &amp;quot;t~ (da) is the only variable word in Japanese for which there exists a determinative form, t,c (ha), distinct from the conclusive form.&amp;quot;</Paragraph>
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