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<Paper uid="C00-2108">
  <Title>Chlstering Verbs Semantically According to their Alternation Behaviour</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="747" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 Introduction
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> This paper eml)irieally investiga(;es the proposition that ve, rl)s can 1)e seman(;ically classilied according to their synl;a(:(;ic alterna.tion 1)ehaviour (:()n(:ernint,; subca.(;(%orisation frames ;rod their seleetional i)refer(;nces tbr the, arguments within the frames. The idea is l(;lal;ed Ix) (lx'.vin, 1993) who de.lined verl&gt; classes on the basis of verl) atterl)al;ion beh~aqour.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> For exmnl)le , (;he seman(;ic (:lass of l&amp;h, icle Names coni, ains verbs like lmlloo'n, bicycle, ca.'n, oe, skate, ski which agree in (;he prol)erties (1)-(4) below.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2">  (1) 1NTltAN.qlTIVI.; IJSI,:, possibly followed by ;t path: a. 'lPhey skated.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> 1). They skated a\]()ng Llle canal/over t:}le l&gt;ri(lge.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> (2) INI)UCI'H) ACTION AI:rEIuqA'rIoN (~ome verl&gt;s): a. Ite skated Penny around the rink.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="5"> (causing the aetiolt nanled 1)y the verb; tyl)ieal eausee is m~ alfimal;e volitional entity) b. Penny skated a.round the )'inlC/.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="6"> (3) LO(3A'rivI,; PI{.1,;I'OSITION \])l{Ol &gt; A~:r),m~A-TION (some verbs): a. They skated along the canals.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="7"> b. They skated the canals.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="8"> (~) I{.I,;S 1.11 &amp;quot;IWI'I VI,; IqlIIASE:  Pem~y skated her skate blades bhmt (an XI ) describing (,he sl:a~e achieved by lhe referent of (;l)(~ nora) l)hrase as a resu\]l; of the acl,iou mmw.,.l by the verb) Levin's work rel)resenCs th(~ basis foc a tani,;e &lt;)f ,ecent invesl;ig;d,ions veril)qng (\])orr :m(1 .lone.% \] 996), evaluating (SI;e.\,ensoll aud Merl% 199! 0 or utJi;::. ing (\]mpata., 1999) the proposed elas.qitlcation-,~ well as transferring i(, 1.o other lanw, ta.ge',~ tha:l }~;uglish (Jones et al., 7199.\[)~ Generally, the definition of a verl/s selllaIii.i(: (:\];/:~.q can be considered as part of its lexic.al entry, next io idiosyncratic intinmation: the Sellla,lll;ic CI;ts~; gelleralises as a. l.ype definition over ~t range o\[ s.ynl,acl.ic nnd s(mmnl:ic \])tOl)ertie:; , Lo .qUl)por(; Nai.u.':d l~a.nguat,;e Processinp; in V;/\['\].()lI~4 .~II'(~;/S like. h',xicor;c~tphy (llapl)ai&gt;ort l\]ov'av and I,evin, t99~;), wo){I :;(:it~:e disaml)igual:i(m (l)orr aml .\]oneea, ?l!)!)i;), or ()'.~+nlelll; cla,~silh:al.ion (Klavm~.~; and Kaa, 199,~0o I al;l;enlpLed l;o aul;omaLica\]ly ch,sicr verb&gt;~ h~i;o selna.lti, ie elas.'-;c~; Oll l.be b;.tsi'A Of i,}\]e vel\]),-; ~ ~ll{;(~P,;Ition I)ehavioltr. 'l)lm iulm 1; into i:he at/i;(ii\[Nti;it; i I J(!!!(: tion pr()(:e,~q:4 w;m characi:eri:;ed 1)y (J~e \;erl)',4' di&gt;:l.~;Im(,ion eve\]&amp;quot; ,qyJil,;tc{,\](; ~;ul&gt;ca.l;egori&gt;;;tl;i(m ' .:~; I! ~1. U. 'A ~!\]K-Lrael;ed from )u:txinnlm pvol&gt;alfil}t 5' (Vil.crlfi) !:, ~c~e:-',</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="10"> the frame a.rg~m~e**i;:',. 'Fbe, clmd:eti~i~ a~;~:', ;,el,}: ,4d (a) iteratively 1)y me;mminig Lhe relai,ive ,;~{,~,')p3 '.ml,ween t,he verbs' probability dist):it)c,i,io,~:~ ; ,,,(:, the frame tyl)e, % m~d (I)) l) 3, uLi/i'.-;ing a. Ld:e,t cD;;;.i c,:tal.3'sis ba,q(:d on (,l)e joi .i; J'requen(:ies of verl&gt;~s a:,&gt;d ~,;::,1~'~C/'~ tyl)eS. U,~;itu~ Ii,evin':; \,c)'b elas,',ific:d;\]o~) ;',.~'~ c,,ai~;~;ion basi,q, 61% of the \,ert)~; were classified (;o1;(;&lt;5;13 ~&gt;!;o ~;emm~tic cla:;5;e; l&gt;y met,l:,ut (a), ;rod 540/0 b3 :~.~i.!..~d (1,).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="11"> Section 2 de:;cribe',; (;l)e three. :de,!,:~ h~ i!w, ~:~i.,')-marie aC(luisit;ion of ,qen)an(;i&lt; verb cla::;sc~;; i.l)e ~ .,h&gt; ation takes l)\]a(:e, in ,~eel;ioJl 2{, ;lAd .~;oel.ioil d (tJ:,,.l~&gt;;~;{~; (,he re:mll:s.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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