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<Paper uid="J01-2004">
  <Title>Probabilistic Top-Down Parsing and Language Modeling</Title>
  <Section position="4" start_page="253" end_page="253" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
3. Previous Work
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> There have been attempts to jump over adjacent words to words farther back in the left context, without the use of dependency links or syntactic structure, for example Saul and Pereira (1997) and Rosenfeld (1996, 1997). We will focus our very brief review, however, on those that use grammars or parsing for their language models. These can be divided into two rough groups: those that use the grammar as a language model,</Paragraph>
  </Section>
class="xml-element"></Paper>