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<Paper uid="P04-2006">
  <Title>iSTART: Paraphrase Recognition</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
2 Paraphrase
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> When two expressions describe the same situation, each is considered to be a paraphrase of the other. There is no precise paraphrase definition in general; instead there are frequently-accepted paraphrasing patterns to which various authorities refer. Academic writing centers (ASU Writing Center, 2000; BAC Writing Center; USCA Writing Room; and Hawes, 2003) provide a number of characterizations, such as using synonyms, changing part-of-speech, reordering ideas, breaking a sentence into smaller ones, using definitions, and using examples. McNamara (in press), on the other hand, does not consider using definitions or examples to be part of paraphrasing, but rather considers them elaboration. Stede (1996) considers different aspects or intentions to be paraphrases if they mention the same content or situation.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Instead of attempting to find a single paraphrase definition, we will start with six commonly mentioned paraphrasing patterns:  1. Synonym: substitute a word with its synonym, e.g. help, assist, aid; 2. Voice: change the voice of sentence from active to passive or vice versa; 3. Word-Form/Part-of-speech: change a word into a different form, e.g. change a noun to a verb, adverb, or adjective; 4. Break down Sentence: break a long sentence down into small sentences; 5. Definition/Meaning: substitute a word with its definition or meaning; 6. Sentence Structure: use different sentence  structures to express the same thing.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> If the explanation has any additional information or misses some information that appeared in the original sentence, we should be able to detect this as well for use in discovering additional strategies employed.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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