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<Paper uid="W04-2705">
  <Title>The NomBank Project: An Interim Report</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
2 The Speci cations
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Figure 1 lists some sample NomBank propositions along with the class of the noun predicate (NOM stands for nominalization, DEFREL is a type of relational noun).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> For each markable instance of a common noun in the Penn Treebank, annotators create a proposition , a sub-set of the features a0 REL, SUPPORT, ARG0, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARGMa1 paired with pointers to phrases in Penn Treebank II trees. A noun instance is markable if it is accompanied by one of its arguments (ARG0, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4) or if it is a nominalization (or similar word) and it is accompanied by one of the allowable types of adjuncts (ARGM-TMP, ARGM-LOC, ARGM-ADV, ARGM-EXT, etc.) the same set of adjuncts used in PropBank.3 The basic idea is that each triple a0 REL, SENSE, ARGNUMa1 uniquely de nes an argument, given a particular sense of a particular REL (or predicate), where ARGNUM is one of the numbered arguments (ARG0, ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4) and SENSE is one of the senses of that REL. The arguments are essentially the same as the initial relations of Relational Grammar (Perlmutter and Postal, 1984; Rosen, 1984). For example, agents tend to be classi ed as ARG0 (RG's initial subject), patients and themes tend to be classi ed as ARG1 (RG's initial object) and indirect objects of all kinds tend to be classi ed as ARG2.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> The lexical entry or frame for each noun provides one inventory of argument labels for each sense of that word.4 Each proposition (cf. gure 1) consists of an instance of an argument-taking noun (REL) plus arguments (ARG0, ARG1, ARG2, a2a3a2a4a2 ), SUPPORT items and/or adjuncts (ARGM). SUPPORT items are words that link arguments that occur outside an NP to the nominal predicate that heads that NP, e.g., made SUPPORTS We as the ARG0 of decision in We made a decision. ARGMs are adjuncts of the noun. However, we only mark the sort of adjuncts that also occur in sentences: locations (ARGM-LOC), temporal (ARGM-TMP), sentence adverbial (ARGM-ADV) and various others.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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