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<Paper uid="I05-5006">
  <Title>Transforming a Sentence End into News Headline Style</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="41" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
2 Related Works
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> As the most similar work to ours, Sato et al.[6] tries to extract paraphrasing patterns of sentence end by preparing a lot of alignment pairs between news sentences and their headline versions. They compare the sentences from the ends and obtain many correspondences between the two. However, they have no proposals on how to use these one-to-N correspondences, i.e., the way to select one from many candidates. Our approach is to obtain many transformation patterns as well, but we do not use aligned corpus; we use a large collection of news headlines instead and find patterns by our thorough observation.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Wakao et al.[7] compares newscast and corresponding subtitle expressions to investigate the differences of them. One of the observation targets is sentence end, and they have shown us some typical patterns of conversion into a short news. This enumerates phraseologies which are able to be cut down and investigates the frequency of use. In news subtitles nouns or case particles are used at the sentence end. This work is drew upon literature [7] while we investigated in our own right. We shaded light on the phraseologies which do not exist literature [7] such as `hq_T(There seems to surrender.). We examined the phraseologies which  are disposed by machine. Fukushima et al. [1] cut off the unnecessary part from literature [7].</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> There are investigations to summarize text by confining the number of characters [2,3,5].</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> Ishizako et al.[2] cut off areas of overlap. Ohmori et al.[5] and Mikami et al.[3] summarized text altogether, but these investigations do not focus on sentence ends.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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