<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>
<Paper uid="P05-1030">
  <Title>Implications for Generating Clarification Requests in Task-oriented Dialogues</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="239" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 Introduction
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Clarification requests in conversation ensure and maintain mutual understanding and thus play a significant role in robust and efficient dialogue interaction. From a theoretical perspective, the model of grounding explains how mutual understanding is established. According to Clark (1996), speakers and listeners ground mutual understanding on four levels of coordination in an action ladder, as shown in  Several current research dialogue systems can detect errors on different levels of grounding (Paek and Horvitz, 2000; Larsson, 2002; Purver, 2004; Level Speaker S Listener L Convers. S is proposing activity  Schlangen, 2004). However, only the work of Purver (2004) addresses the question of how the source of the error affects the form the CR takes. In this paper, we investigate the use of formfunction mappings derived from human-human dialogues to inform the generation of CRs. We identify the factors that determine which function a CR should take and identify function-form correlations that can be used to guide the automatic generation of CRs.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> In Section 2, we discuss the classification schemes used in two recent corpus studies of CRs in human-human dialogue, and assess their applicability to the problem of generating CRs. Section 3 describes the results we obtained by applying the classification scheme of Rodriguez and Schlangen (2004) to the Communicator Corpus (Bennett and Rudnicky, 2002). Section 4 draws general conclusions for generating CRs by comparing our results to those of (Purver et al., 2003) and (Rodriguez and Schlangen, 2004). Section 5 describes the correlations between function and form features that are present in the corpus and their implications for generating CRs.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2">  sub Wh-substituted Reprise &amp;quot;You want a flight where?&amp;quot; gap Gap &amp;quot;You want a flight to...?&amp;quot; fil Gap Filler &amp;quot;...Edinburgh?&amp;quot; other Other x readings cla Clausal &amp;quot;Are you asking/asserting that X?&amp;quot; con Constituent &amp;quot;What do you mean by X?&amp;quot; lex Lexical &amp;quot;Did you utter X?&amp;quot; corr Correction &amp;quot;Did you intend to utter X instead?&amp;quot; other Other x</Paragraph>
  </Section>
class="xml-element"></Paper>