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<Paper uid="N06-1017">
  <Title>Unknown word sense detection as outlier detection</Title>
  <Section position="4" start_page="128" end_page="129" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
2 FrameNet
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Frame Semantics (Fillmore, 1982) models the meanings of a word or expression by reference to frames which describe the background and situational knowledge necessary for understanding what the predicate is &amp;quot;about&amp;quot;. Each frame provides its specific set of semantic roles.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> The Berkeley FrameNet project (Baker et al., 1998) is building a semantic lexicon for English describing the frames and linking them to the words and expressions that can evoke them. These can be verbs as well as nouns, adjectives, prepositions, adverbs, and multiword expressions. Frames are linked by IS-A and other relations. Currently, FrameNet contains 609 frames with 8,755 lemmaframe pairs, of which 5,308 are exemplified in annotated sentences from the British National Corpus.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> The annotation comprises 133,846 sentences.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> As FrameNet is a growing resource, many lemmas are still lacking senses, and many senses are still lacking annotation. This is problematic for the use of FrameNet analyses as a basis for inferences over text, as e.g. in Tatu and Moldovan (2005).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> For example, the verb prepare from Figure 1 is associated with the frames COOKING CREATION: prepare food ACTIVITY PREPARE: get ready for an activity ACTIVITY READY STATE: be ready for an activity WILLINGNESS: be willing of which only the COOKING CREATION sense has been annotated. The sense in Figure 1 is not covered yet: ACTIVITY READY STATE would be more appropriate than COOKING CREATION, but still not optimal, since the sentence refers to a mental state rather than the preparation of an activity.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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