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<Paper uid="P06-2062">
  <Title>GF Parallel Resource Grammars and Russian</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="475" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 Introduction
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Grammatical Framework (GF) (Ranta, 2004) is a grammar formalism designed in particular to serve as an interlingua platform for natural language applications in sublanguage domains. A domain can be described using the GF grammar formalism and then processed by GF. Such descriptions are called application grammars.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> A resource grammar (Ranta, to appear) is a general-purpose grammar that forms a basis for application grammars. Resource grammars have so far been implemented for eleven languages in parallel. The structural division into abstract and concrete descriptions, advocated in GF, is used to separate the language-independent common interface or Application Programming Interface (API) from corresponding language-specific implementations. Consulting the abstract part is sufficient for writing an application grammar without descending to implementation details. This approach raises the level of application grammar development and supports multilinguality, thus, providing both linguistic and computational advantages. null The current coverage is comparable with the Core Language Engine (CLE) project (Rayner et al., 2000). Other well-known multilingual general-purpose grammar projects that GF can be related to, are LFG grammars (Butt et al., 1999) and HPSG grammars (Pollard and Sag, 1994), although their parsing-oriented unification-based formalisms are very different from the GF generation-oriented type-theoretical formalism (Ranta, 2004).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> A Russian resource grammar was added after similar grammars for English, Swedish, French and German (Arabic, Italian, Finnish, Norwegian, Danish and Spanish are also supported in GF). A language-independent API representing the coverage of the resource library, therefore, was already available. The task was to localize modules for Russian.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> A resource grammar has morphological and syntactic modules. Morphological modules include a description of word classes, inflectional paradigms and a lexicon. Syntactic modules comprise a description of phrasal structures for analyzing bigger than one-word entities and various combination rules. Note, that semantics, defining the meanings of words and syntactic structures, is constructed in application grammars. This is because semantics is rather domain-specific, and, thus, it is much easier to construct a language-independent semantic model for a particular domain than a general-purpose resource semantics.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> In the following sections we consider typical definitions from different resource modules focusing on aspects specific to Russian. We will also  demonstrate the library usage in a sample application grammar.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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