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<Paper uid="W06-0111">
  <Title>Realization of the Chinese BA-construction in an English-Chinese Machine Translation System</Title>
  <Section position="4" start_page="79" end_page="80" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
2 a)
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> (literal translation: He in Beijing buy LE (ASP) a BEN (CLS5 ) book;) He bought a book in Beijing.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> b) (literal translation: In Beijing, he buy LE(ASP) a BEN(CL) book) In Beijing, he bought a book.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Furthermore, like the other verbs, the BA can be negated by MEIYOU ( ), for example (1 a): (literal translation: Zhang San, MEIYOU6 , BA Li Si hit a punch, Wang Wu kick two foot) Zhang San did not give Li Si a punch and Wang WU two kicks.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> In addition, like other monosyllable verbs, the BA as a verb can be used as the attributive of a noun by adding a structural word &amp;quot;DE ( &amp;quot; (STR7 ) between it and the noun, for example, &amp;quot;  &amp;quot; (read, DE, book; the book to read); &amp;quot; &amp;quot;, (listen, DE, song; a song to listen to); &amp;quot; &amp;quot; (BA, DE checks; the checks to do/the pass to guard) 3 LE : Aspectual particle indicating a past action 4 *: ungrammatical 5 CLS: classifier 6 MEIYOU (a0a2a1 ): negation = no, not or do not 7 STR: structural word usually connects a constituent to a NP  A basic structural analysis of the first school is illustrated in Figure 1 &amp;quot;BA as a Verb&amp;quot; from the example cited from (LIN, 2004):  (literal translation: Zhang San BA Li Si hit LE) Zhang San hit Li Si.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> Figure 1 BA as a Verb The second school of linguists claims that the BA-construction is actually a prepositional phrase with its head word followed by a NP complement which is moved in front of the transitive main verb in the sentence (See example 4 a) below). Furthermore, though the BA possesses the categorical features of a verb, it is hard to qualify the BA to function alone as the main verb or predicate in a sentence. In addition, in Mandarin Chinese the aspect attachments can be used as one of the conditions to test the verbhood of a word. The fact is that in most cases, if an aspect attachment, such as LE ( ), GUO ( ) (expressing past actions) and ZHE ( ) (expressing continuous actions), is attached to the BA, the whole sentence will look strange and become ungrammatical (see below in b) and c)).</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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