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<Paper uid="W06-1631">
  <Title>Capturing Out-of-Vocabulary Words in Arabic Text</Title>
  <Section position="4" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
BA
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> is pronounced /CQCD/. Diacritics are not shown in general written Arabic, and the reader must rely on the context to determine the implicit diacritics and therefore the pronunciation of each word. For example, the word  Pure Arabic words follow restricted rules in their construction to keep them short and easy to pronounce. Their sounds usually follow the CVCV pattern, where C stands for a consonant and V stands for a Vowel. An Arabic word never has two consecutive consonants nor four consecutive vowels (Al-Shanti, 1996).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Foreign words are words that are borrowed from other languages. Some are remodelled to conform with Arabic word paradigms, and become part of the Arabic lexicon; others are transliterated into Arabic as they are pronounced by different Arabic speakers, with some segmental and vowel changes. The latter are called Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) words as they are not found in a standard Arabic lexicon. Such OOV words are increasingly common due to the inflow of information from foreign sources, and include terms that are either new and have yet to be translated into native equivalents, or proper nouns that have had their phonemes replaced by Arabic ones. Examples include words such as AGC0C9 A9ERC8BTFV /D1CPD6CVD6C1D8/ (Margaret) or DLF6A9C2C2</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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