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<Paper uid="C82-1015">
  <Title>f I I I I I /-- I I i I I I CHILD ER OLD THAN l$ HP f DETP</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="95" end_page="95" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
DIAGRAM
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> DIAGRAM is a general grammar of English. It now contains about 125 rule schemata, equivalent to about 800 individual rules. These define all common sentence typos, complex auxiliaries and models, complex noun phrases, nominalized sentences, all the common quantifiers, relative clauses, verbs with sentential complements, comparative and measure expressions, subordinate clauses and other adverbial modifiers. Conjunction, however, is limited to a few place-holders, pending further study of the problems it poses for constraining the number of syntactic analyses. A detailed description of DIAGRAM is contained in \[J. Robinson, 1982\].</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Formally, DIAGRAM is an augmented phrase-structure grammar. The lexicon categorizes words and associates attributes with them that are used in the rules.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Each rule has associated with it a constructor that expresses the constraints on its application and also a translator (described in the next section) that produces the corresponding logical form.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> Phrases inherit attributes from their constituents and acquire attributes from the larger phrases that contain them. These attributes are used to impose context-sensitive constraints upon the acceptance of an analysis. Before constructing a node in the parse tree corresponding to the application of a rule, the executive invokes the rule's constructor to test for admissibility. In addition to accepting or rejecting a rule application, the constructors can assign scores that allow listing alternative analyses in a preferred order. The result of applying the grammar to analysis of an input is one or more annotated ~arse trees.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> Attributes and annotations are not limited to syntactic information. The translators, described next, specify bow the translation of a phrase into logical form is to be defined in terms of the attributes of the words and phrases that compose it. This coupling of syntax and semantics (for which attribute ~rammars \[Tienari 1980\] were originally designed) is convergent with current formal theories bf natural language that advocate constructing a syntax and semantics that &amp;quot;work in tandem&amp;quot; \[Dowry et el. 1981; Kaplan and Bresnan (to appear); Gazdar (to appear); Landsbergen 1976.\] Future work on DIAGRAM includes efforts to extend both its coverage and its formalism. In extending the formalism, our dual objective is to capture certain linguistic generalizations (e.g., dative movement) and to make the task of developing a large grammar more manageable. To accomplish this, we are exploring the use of metarules \[Gazdar to appear\].</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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