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<Paper uid="J85-1002">
  <Title>Tasks MT HT Preparation/input Translation Human Revision Transcription/Proofreading</Title>
  <Section position="2" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 BACKGROUND
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"/>
    <Section position="1" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="sub_section">
      <SectionTitle>
1.1 HISTORICAL NOTES
</SectionTitle>
      <Paragraph position="0"> In 1965, with funding from the National Research Council of Canada, the CETADOL research center in computational linguistics was created at l'Universit6 de Montr6al. Around 1970, the center narrowed its focus to the problem of machine translation (MT), renaming itself TAUM (Traduction Automatique Universit6 de Montr6al). In the next few years, several MT protypes were developed: TAUM-71, TAUM-73, and TAUM-76 (Colmerauer et al.</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="1"> 1971, Kittredge et al. 1973, Kittredge et al. 1976).</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="2"> Starting in 1973, the Canadian Secretary of State Department (Translation Bureau) assumed responsibility for funding the project, in the hope that tangible results would soon emerge. Between 1974 and 1976, TAUM produced its first practical application: the TAUM-METEO system, for the translation of weather forecasts (Chevalier et al. 1978). Since 1977, this system has been used on a daily basis for the Canadian Environment Department (Chandioux and Gu6raud 1981). Its current workload represents an annual volume of 8.5 million words (Bourbeau 1984). In spite of its very narrow scope, TAUM-METEO represents an important breakthrough in MT, since it is the only system that currently produces high quality translation without the need for human revision (although approximately 20% of the input is rejected).</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="3"> The AVIATION project was undertaken in 1976, even before the on-site implementation of TAUM-METEO was completed. The aim was to develop a system capable of translating aircraft maintenance manuals. Obviously, this was a more difficult challenge than translating weather forecasts. The magnitude of the task necessitated a massive infusion of new personnel and the development of a set of new metalanguages (e.g. LEXTRA, SISIF). A prototype of the TAUM-AVIATION system, restricted to hydraulic system maintenance manuals, was demonstrated in 1979.</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="4"> The following year, an independent evaluation (Gervais 1980) concluded that it was not possible to envisage immediate cost-effective production using TAUM-AVIATION. This evaluation led the Translation Bureau to stop funding the TAUM-AVIATION project, and to look for a broader funding base for MT research and development in Canada. In the meantime, the TAUM Group had to be disbanded.</Paragraph>
    </Section>
  </Section>
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