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<Paper uid="H91-1074">
  <Title>Predicting Intonational Boundaries Automatically from Text: The ATIS Domain</Title>
  <Section position="2" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 Introduction
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Intuitively, intonational phrasing divides an utterance into meaningful 'chunks' of information \[3\]. Variation in phrasing can change the meaning hearers assign to tokens of a given sentence. For example, 'Bill doesn't drink because he% unhappy' is likely to be interpreted one way when uttered as a single phrase (i.e., Bill drinks, but not because he's unhappy) and another when uttered with a boundary between drink and because (the cause of Bill's failure to drink is his unhappiness).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> While phrase boundaries are perceptual categories, they are associated with certain acoustic features. Generally, phrases may be identified by one of more of the following features: pauses (which may be filled or not), changes in amplitude and in the pitch contour, and lengthening of the final syllable in the phrase (sometimes accompanied by glottalization of that syUable and perhaps preceding syllables). Major phrase boundaries tend to be associated with longer pauses, more pronounced contour excursions, and greater amounts of final lengthening than minor boundaries.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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