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<Paper uid="C94-2109">
  <Title>THE NATURE OF NEAR-SYNONYMIC RELATIONS</Title>
  <Section position="2" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 Introduction
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The words gawp, gaze, ~md stare all &lt;lenote a, ldnd of prolonge(I look: they a.re ncC/u'-syno'nyms, or plcsionyms \[Cruse 1986\]. \[h)wever, a.s we learn from their indivi(lu;tl enl.ries in the Oxford advanced learner's dictionary ( OALD; fourth edirio:n, 198f))~ to ga.ze is to look long a.nd steadily; to st;axe is to (Io this with the eyes wide open; a.nd gawping has the additiom~l requirement tha.t the ~ct I)e impolite or stupid. In recent work \[l)i--Marco, llirst, m~d Stede 1()93; I)iM~u'co and IIirst 1993\], we ddress 1;1l(; problen~ of representing the lexica.l \['ea, tures theft distinguish groups of ne++rsynonynts. null Our lexical tim.tures for (lil/erei~Lia.tion are not intended to be any kind of l)rimit;ives for (le(:om-l)ositiomfl semantics: they iir~'(~ \]lOt being used to rel&gt;resent whole meanings, t)ut r+~ther l;o rep\]'esent d{\[.'fi'~vnec.~ between \]ne,~nings. These dift'erences between plesionyms (-a,, I)e sh,~des of (tenota, Lion or (:onnota,tion, or emt)ha.ses on dift'e\]'ent (:Oral)Onen t s o \[&amp;quot; t he meani n g.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Our eveutuM goM is ~ represent;a.tio\], for a lexicon in which sem~mti(&amp;quot; and stylistic distiuctions ca,Jl I)e l/lade bel;ween syn(tttylns a,n(l plesionyms, I)oth within a.nd ~(;ross la.ngua.ges, \['or the purpose of lexica.1 choit:e in natural l,~ngua,ge gener,~tion a, nd machine tra.nslation. The na,ture o\[ these distinctions suggests tha.t timy can be viewed a.s rclations I)etween nea,r-synot~yms. In this l)a.per, we undertake ~ study of the ch~u'~cteristics of ne~&gt; synonymic rel;~tions as a. stel) towa:r&lt;ls a. knowl edge rel)resent,~tiou for lexi(:M discrimination.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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