<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>
<Paper uid="C94-2182">
  <Title>COLLABORATION ON REFERENCE TO OBJECTS THAT ARE NOT MUTUALLY KNOWN</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 INTRODUCTION
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> In conversation, a person sometimes has to refer to an object that is not previously known to the other participant. One particular situation in which this  The hearer has to understand the reference well enough that when he later reaches the building, he will recognize it as the intended referent.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> A reference of this sort is often achieved through a collaboration between the conversants. In such cases, the speaker has the goal of having the hearer know how to identify an object. The speaker attempts to achieve this goal by building a description of the object that she believes will give the hearer the ability to identify it when it is possible to do so. The hearer needs to be confident that the description will be adequate as a means of identifying the referent, but because of the inevitable differences in beliefs about the world, he might not be. When the hearer is not confident, the speaker and hearer collaborate to make a new referring expression that the bearer believes is adequate. This can be seen in the following portion of a telephone conversation recorded by Psathas (1991, p. 196).</Paragraph>
  </Section>
class="xml-element"></Paper>