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<Paper uid="C96-1045">
  <Title>Direct and Underspecified Interpretations of LFG f-structures</Title>
  <Section position="2" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 Introduction
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Ditferent languages express grammatical flmctions (such as subject or object) in a variety of ways, e.g.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> by position or by inflection. Functional-structures  (f-structures) (Kaplan &amp; Bresnan, 1982) are attribute-value matrices that provide a syntactic level of representation that is intended to abstract away from such surface variations while capturing what are considered underlying generalisations.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Quasi-Logical Forms (QLFs) (Alshawi &amp; Crouch, 1992; Cooper et al., 1994a) provide the semantic level of representation employed in the Core Language Engine (CLE) (Alshawi, 1992). The two main characteristics of the formalism are underspeeification and monotonic contextual resolution. QLFs give (partial) descriptions of in*Present address: Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; josefOcompapp, dcu. ie l Present address: Speech Research Unit, DRA Malvern, St Andrews Road, Great Malvern, Worcs  WR14 3PS, UK; croueh0signal, dra. hmg. gb tended semantic compositions. Contextual resolution monotonically adds to this description, e.g. by placing fln'ther constraints on the meanings of certain expressions like pronouns, or quantitier scope. QLFs at; all stages of resolution are interpreted by a truth-conditional semantics via a supervaluation construction over the compositions meeting the description. F-structures are a mixture of mostly syntactic information (grammatical flmctions) with some semantic, predicate-argument information encoded via the values of</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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