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<Paper uid="P96-1022">
  <Title>S. EMH. E: A Generalised Two-Level System</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 Introduction
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The introduction of two-level morphology (Koskenniemi, 1983) and subsequent developments has made implementing computational-morphology models a feasible task. Yet, two-level formalisms fell short from providing elegant means for the description of non-linear operations such as infixation, circumfixation and root-and-pattern morphology} As a result, two-level implementations - e.g. (Antworth, 1990; Karttunen, 1983; Karttunen and Beesley, 1992; Ritchie et al., 1992) - have always been biased towards linear morphology.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> The past decade has seen a number of proposals for handling non-linear morphology; 2 however, none  means of ad hoc diacritics, e.g., infixation in (Antworth, 1990, p. 156), there are no means for expressing other classes as root-and-pattern phenomena.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> 2(Kay, 1987), (Kataja and Koskenniemi, 1988), (Beesley et al., 1989), (Lavie et al., 1990), (Beesley, 1990), (Beesley, 1991), (Kornai, 1991), (Wiebe, 1992), (Pulman and Hepple, 1993), (Narayanan and Hashem, 1993), and (Bird and Ellison, 1994). See (Kiraz, 1996) for a review.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> (apart from Beesley's work) seem to have been implemented over large descriptions, nor have they provided means by which the grammarian can develop non-linear descriptions using higher level notation* To test the validity of one's proposal or formalism, minimally a medium-scale description is a desideratum. SemHe 3 fulfils this requirement* It is a generalised multi-tape two-level system which is being used in developing non-linear grammars.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> This paper (1) presents the algorithms behind SemHe; (2) discusses the issues involved in compiling non-linear descriptions; and (3) proposes extension/solutions to make writing non-linear rules easier and more elegant. The paper assumes knowledge of multi-tape two-level morphology (Kay, 1987; Kiraz, 1994c).</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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