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<Paper uid="W98-1236">
  <Title>Language Model and Sentence Structure Manipulations for Natural Language Application Systems</Title>
  <Section position="2" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 Introduction
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Sentence structure manipulation facilities such as transformation, substitution, translation, etc., axe indispensable for developing and maintaining natural language application systems in which language structure operation plays an essential role. For this reason structural manipulability is one of the most important factors to be considered for designing a sentence structure representation scheme, i.e., a language model. The situation can be compared to database management systems; each system is based on a specific data model, and a data manipulation sublanguage designed for the data model is provided to handle the data structure (Date, 1990).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> In Concept Coupling Model (CCM) proposed in this paper, the primitive building block is a Concept Frame (CF), which is defined for each phrasal or sentential conceptual unit. The sentence analysis is carried out as a CF instantiation process, in which several CFs axe combined to form a Concept Compound (CC), a nested relational structure in which the syntactic and semantic properties of the sentence are encoded. The simplicity and uniformity of the CC representation format lead to a corresponding simplicity and uniformity in the CC structure operation scheme, i.e., CC Manipulation Language (CCML).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Another advantage of the CCM formalism is that it allows inferential facilities to provide flexible human computer interactions for various natural language applications. For this purpose conceptual relationships including synonymous and implicational relations established among CFs are employed. Such knowledge-based operations axe under development and will not be discussed in this paper.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> In Section 2 we present the basic components of CCM, i.e,, the concept frame and the concept compound. Section 3 introduces the CC manipulation language; the major features of each manipulation statement are explained with illustrative examples.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> Concluding observations axe drawn in Section 4.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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