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<Paper uid="C90-1016">
  <Title>Discourse Processing in MT: Problems in Pronominal Translation</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
4. 2. SLSTOR
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> SLSTOR's main function is to store the most salient, focused element in the current discourse for the next sentence processing (Alshawi 1987; Asher &amp; Wada 1989). In order to find the most salient NP, SLSTOR sets three kinds of filters among others such as grammatical function, use of pronominal, and syntactic construction (See Asher &amp; Wada 1989), and check all of the NPs appeared in the current sentence with respect to the three filters.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> After the most salient element has been selected, SLSTOR checks whether the current focus has been shifted or retained by comparing the current SLSTOR value and the newly selected one. If their gender, number, person, etc. are unifiable, the discourse focus is considered to retain and SLSTOR keeps the previous NP in the storage. If they are not unifiable, the focus has been shifted, and SLSTOR stores the newly selected element as a current focus.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2">  This module consists of three functions. The first function is SEARCH. SEARCH searches antecedents by testing the accessibility on the DRS and morpho-syntactic constraints such as gender, number, and binding features (sub, nuclear, etc) on the current fstructure. If a search in the DRS fails, SEARCH further searches in SLSTOR, and check a focused element in SLSTOR. In effect, we distinguish pronominals into three classes according SEARCH's result; 1) an antecedent found in the current DRS, 2) an antecedent not found in the current DRS, but controlled by a discourse focus, and 3) an antecedent not found in either in the current DRS or in the previous focus.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> The second function is LINK. In the case in 1) above, \]LINK will set a unique anaphoric index in both F-structm'es of the antecedent and its pronominal and assigns an unspecified 'pro' to the pronominal.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> The last function is SETPRO, which assigns 0 to the pronominal in the case of 2), and assigns a default word-for-word translation in the case of 3).</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="4" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
5. Examples
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Let us take some examples. First, consider the following donkey sentence.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> (6-a) Every man who loves a ship treats her tenderly. 'Her' will be linked with 'a ship' by SEARCH due to the accessibility of 'a ship' to 'her' on the DRS. Then, the same anaphoric index is assigned to the transfer f-structure of 'a ship' and of 'her' by LINK. 'Her' is translated as an unspecified 'pro' as shown below. (6-b) Hune we aisuru otoko wa mina sore we itukushimu. ship ACC love man TOP every it ACC treat-tender In this result, an overt pronominal, 'sore', is selected for 'pro' since the f-structure for 'hune' and 'pro' share an anphoric index, and the last clause in the FU equation in (5) is satisfied.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Suppose that the next sentence appeared discourseinitially. null (7-a) John believes that she is a genius.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> Since there is neither a sentence-internal antecedent nor a previous focus, 'she' gets a default translation, 'kanojo'. However, if the following sentence precedes the sentence in (7-a), a lexical ~ will be selected as the target for 'she' because 'Mary' is the focus of (7-b) since it is a SUBJ and appears in a passive construction.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> (7-b) Mary was aw,'uded as a distinguished artist. Now, consider the next example.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="5"> (8-a) John works when he wants to do his work.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="6"> In the above example, 'his' should be linked to 'he' and 'he' to 'John'. Each anaphoric index has a different value, but both of the pronominals will be translated as unspecified 'pro's. However, the equation (5) gives them different PROFORMs, 'his' 'zibun' and 'he' ~. This is indeed a desired result as shown below.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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