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<Paper uid="P90-1008">
  <Title>A Compositional Semantics for Focusing Subjuncts</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="58" end_page="60" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
4 The implementation
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> IDEO (Interpreter Designed for Even and Only) is a limited semantic interpreter that incorporates the  semantics for even and only described in Section 3. The implementation is in Edinburgh C-Prolog, running under UNIX on a Sun-4 computer. Because the authors did not have access to a working version of Frail (see Section 1.3), IDEO runs on top of a toy knowledge base, also implemented in C-Prolog, whose retrieval language is (unfortunately) a syntactic variant of Absity's.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> A sample session with IDEO is follows below. In this trace, output generated by the program or typed by the user is shown in typewriter font. As the example shows, IDEO accepts a sentence typed at the keyboard and outputs four different things. Firstly, it echoes the sentence in its internal Prolog format. Secondly, the GPSG category obtained for the sentence, which incorporates a parse tree for the sentence, is displayed. For the sake of readability, IDEO prints a simplified version of the category. Then, it prints separately the semantic representation of the sentence, which consists of several of the feature-value pairs of the sentence category. Lastly, it displays a message about the success or failure of each knowledge base function call resulting from processing the semantic representation of the sentence. In a question-and-answer system, these messages would be replaced by generated English answers.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Please enter a sentence, follo.ed by a carriage return, after the &amp;quot;I:&amp;quot; prompt.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> J: Ross only washed the :dog.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> The colon preceding the word dog tells IDEO that the word isintonationally stressed.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="5"> &gt;&gt;&gt; Sa~ the sentence: \[ross. only. ,ashed. the. stress(dog).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="6"> period\] &gt;&gt;&gt; The category for this sentence is: \[Omitted due to space ~mitations.\] The significant piece of information in the GPSG category is that the noun phrase \[NP the stress(dog)\] is (focus +), but the verb phrase that contains it is not.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="7"> &gt;&gt;&gt; The semantic representation is: assert( if frame(X, .ash) k slot(X, agent, ross) then frame(X, .ash) k slot(X, agent, ross) slot(X, patient, Y) k framedet(the. Y, frame(Y, dog))) presupp(framedet(a, X, frame(X..ash) k slot(X, agent, ross) k slot(X, patient. Y) k framedet(the, Y, frame(Y, dog)))) p-set(framedet(a. X, frame(X, .ash) k slot(X, agent, ross))) fs(only) &gt;&gt;&gt; OK? no This semantic representation corresponds to the reading in which the speaker means to assert that Ross washed nothing else but the dog. The user replies no to the prompt OK? to indicate that this is not the reading he intends.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="8"> &gt;&gt;&gt; The category for this sentence is: \[Omitted due to space limitations.\] This time, a parse is returned in which the feature (focus +) percolates up the parse tree to the entire verb phrase \[NP .ashed the stress(dog)\], &gt;&gt;&gt; The semantic representation is: assert( if slot(X, agent, ross) then frame(X, .ash) k slot(X, agent, ross) k slot(X, patient, Y) k framedet(the, Y, frame(Y, dog))) presupp(framedet(a, X.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="9"> frame(X, .ash) k slot(X, agent, ross) slot(X, patient, Y) k framedet(the, Y, frame(Y, dog)))) p-set(framedet(a, X.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="10"> slot(X, agent, ross))) fs(only) &gt;&gt;&gt; OK? yes The user approves this semantic representation, which corresponds to the reading in which the speaker asserts that Ross did nothing but wash the dog.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="11"> &gt;&gt;&gt; Retrieved frame &amp;quot;dogl&amp;quot; frame (dog1. dog) &gt;&gt;&gt; Found frame &amp;quot;washl&amp;quot; frame (wash1, .ash) slot(.ashl, agent, ross) slot(.ashl, patient, dogl) &gt;&gt;&gt; Inserted rule &amp;quot;rulel&amp;quot; if slot(X, agent, ross) then</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="13"> The knowledge base now is constrained by the rule rulel. This says that ira frame X satisfies the frame description slot(X, agent, ross)(i.e, its agent is ross), then it must be the frame ,ashl (a ,ash frame whose patient slot is filled by dogl).</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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