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<Paper uid="C92-4203">
  <Title>C, TM: An Exmnt)le-Based Translation Aid System</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
3 The CTM System
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Above mentioned retrieval mechanism hP-~ been implemented in CTM, a Japanese-English translation 5We C&amp;llllOt COllll)llte tile similarity re:ore of every exltnlt)le ill tile tlatabm~e, because the C()llll)lll~iltioll Ileeds almut 5 llliltisecond between the' ItVel'age illl}ll( siring (lO &lt;'ll&amp;racter~) &amp;lid the average extmtDle (5(\] cha~'actet~) (m SparcSlalion 2, eThis value wa.~ determined empirically.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"/>
    <Paragraph position="4"> aid system CTM is written by C and runs on Sun Workstations. Pigure 3 shows tile contlguration of CTM: it consists of three programs.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="5"> mkdb The program to create the character index tY=om tile translation database.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="6"> CTM server The main program, which retrieves the hest matched examples with the given input. 7 MTC ~ The client program on NF.macs (Nihongo (Japanese) GNU Emacs), which interacts the C'I'M server via Ethernet.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="7"> The translation datah,-Lse of (YI'M is text tiles, in which a Japanese text string and an English text string appear one .after the other. These files call be made from J al)anese text files and the correspondent English text tiles hy nsing the alignment progratn \[1\] semi-automatically. We have made the translation datahase from several sources: Tahle 4 shows ollr translation databases.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="4" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
4 Retrieval Examples
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> We show here C, TM retrieval cxaml)les with the following features: phra.qal expression, long-distance (lependency, idiom, synonynl, and semantic ambiguity.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Figure 4 shows a retriewd exanlple of phrasal expression &amp;quot;~ &lt; &amp;quot;Dh~C)~J~:)::~C/,~'~.~J'Yo (consider from several points of view)&amp;quot;. Although there is no exact matched expression in the datahase, CTM can retrieve helpful examples for us to translate it.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> rThe CTM ~erver ha~ ~tller facilities: tile charactelq)aaed exact lllatdl retrieval fiw Jap~tllese texts, and tire word-bmsed hem or exert nl&amp;tch retrieval f~n' English texts.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> s M'I'(Y is named t'r~\]n tile lanal~pne phra-~', &amp;quot;Molt. &amp;quot;1 ~ukatte C, hondai', whi,'h III~RII~ &amp;quot;11~ il lllOr~ and Hlore&amp;quot;.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="5" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
ACRES DE COLING-92, NANTES, 23-28 AO~r 1992 l 2 6 1 PREC. OF COLING-92, NANTES, AUG. 23-28, 1992
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"/>
    <Paragraph position="2"> This is no small undertaking, however, and snccess presnpposes that society generates significant demand.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> Score - 9, DB = Science8710, 11) = 1944, File : 09.ej This view is not reMly in conflict witt, the traditional model of medical libraries as informati&lt;m centers.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4">  C'I'M supports the retrieval of long=distance dependency: Figure 5 shows a retrieval example, where &amp;quot;~ L&amp;quot;C&amp;quot; is an adverb, and ,,C/'C/~+v, is an auxiliary adjec= tive for negation, and they are often used together with the general meaning &amp;quot;never&amp;quot;.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="5"> CTM also supports the retrieval of idiomatic expression: Figure 6 shows an example. In this figure, the first retrieval example is the literal meaning, and the second is the idiomatic meaning.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="6"> The character-based best match method can retrieve synonyms. Figure 7 shows an example: in this case. CTM retrieved an exact match example</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="8"> In particular, we examine method~ for finding the maximally-specific conjunctiw~ generalizations (MSCgeneralizations) that cover all of the training examples of a Riven concept.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="9"> Score = 7, DB = Science9003, ID = 468, File = nl~,\[i t&amp;l.e.ej Presumably the therapist's interpretations help patients to gain insight into the effects of the unconscious mind on their conscions thoughts, feelings and behaviors.  Japanese construction &amp;quot;NOUN+/+~-+~o;~z '', where &amp;quot;IS.&amp;quot; is a case marker and &amp;quot;~9)~ &amp;quot; is the past. form of the verb &amp;quot;.),,To&amp;quot;. There are several translation of &amp;quot;/k.Ta&amp;quot; The frst input &amp;quot;~LI'~ (office) ~:-Jvo/'z&amp;quot; ha.s two meaning: one is &amp;quot;entered the office&amp;quot; and the other is &amp;quot;joined as a new member of the office&amp;quot;. The second input &amp;quot;J~ (ear) ~S-/vo/'#.&amp;quot; is an idiomatic expression that means &amp;quot;beard&amp;quot;. 'Fhe l,'ust input &amp;quot;:eg~-t~: (bookstore) {,2/k.-'9 ? ~:'' is more complicated: the translation depends on not only &amp;quot;~E (ni)&amp;quot;-case hut also &amp;quot;~ (ga)&amp;quot;-ca.se. The retrieval examples show the following  lie entered the (:la~sroom hom the hack entrance.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="10"> Score = 14, I)P. = Scien&lt;:e9003, II) = 404, I&amp;quot;ile = inter.e.ej llucy-Mei WiLllg, a recellt graduate student in my hal)o: ratory, extended these lindings by showing that the 11, 2 receptor fnnctions a~u an &amp;quot;on-off ~ switch.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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