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<Paper uid="C02-1010">
  <Title>Structure Alignment Using Bilingual Chunking</Title>
  <Section position="2" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="relat">
    <SectionTitle>
1 Related Works
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Most of the previous works conduct structure alignment with complex, hierarchical structures, such as phrase structures (e.g., Kaji, Kida &amp; Morimoto, 1992), or dependency structures (e.g., Matsumoto et al. 1993; Grishman, 1994; Meyers, Yanharber &amp; Grishman 1996; Watanabe, Kurohashi &amp; Aramaki 2000). However, the mismatching between complex structures across languages and the poor parsing accuracy of the parser will hinder structure alignment algorithms from working out high accuracy results.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> A straightforward strategy for structure alignment is parse-to-parse matching, which regards the parsing and alignment as two separate and successive procedures. First, parsing is conducted on each language, respectively. Then the correspondent structures in different languages are aligned (e.g., Kaji, Kida &amp; Morimoto 1992; Matsumoto et al. 1993; Grishman 1994; Meyers,</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> automatic parse-to-parse matching has some weaknesses as described in Wu (2000). For example, grammar inconsistency exists across languages; and it is hard to handle multiple alignment choices.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> To deal with the difficulties in parse-to-parse matching, Wu (1997) utilizes inversion transduction grammar (ITG) for bilingual parsing. Bilingual parsing approach looks upon the parsing and alignment as a single procedure which simultaneously encodes both the parsing and transferring information. It is, however, difficult to write a broad coverage 'bilingual grammar' for bilingual parsing.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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