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<Paper uid="W06-3301">
  <Title>The Semantics of a Definiendum Constrains both the Lexical Semantics and the Lexicosyntactic Patterns in the Definiens</Title>
  <Section position="11" start_page="6" end_page="6" type="relat">
    <SectionTitle>
9 Related Work
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Systems have used named entities (e.g., &amp;quot;PEOPLE&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;LOCATION&amp;quot;) to assist in information extraction (Agichtein and Gravano 2000) and question answering (Moldovan et al. 2002; Filatova and Prager 2005). Semantic constraints were first explored by (Bodenreider and Burgun 2002; Rindflesch and Fiszman 2003) who observed that the principle nouns in definientia are frequently semantically related (e.g., hyponyms, hypernyms, siblings, and synonyms) to definiena.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Semantic constraints have been introduced to definitional question answering (Prager et al. 2000; Liang et al. 2001). For example, an artist's work must be completed between his birth and death (Prager et al. 2000); and the hyponyms of defined terms might be incorporated in the definitions (Liang et al. 2001). Semantic correlations have been explored in other areas of NLP. For example, researchers (Turney 2002; Yu and Hatzivassiloglou 2003) have identified semantic correlation between words and views: positive words tend to appear more frequently in positive movie and product reviews and newswire article sentences that have a positive semantic orientation and vice versa for negative reviews or sentences with a negative semantic orientation.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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